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1、DigitalImageProcessingandEdgeDetectionDigitalImageProcessingInterestindigitalimageprocessingmethodsstemsfromtwoprincipalapplica-tionareas:improvementofpictorialinformationforhumaninterpretation;andprocessingofimagedataforstorage,transmission,andrepresentationforau-tonomousmachineperception.Animage
2、maybedefinedasatwo-dimensionalfunction,f(x,y),wherexandyarespatial(plane)coordinates,andtheamplitudeoffatanypairofcoordinates(x,y)iscalledtheintensityorgrayleveloftheimageatthatpoint.Whenx,y,andtheamplitudevaluesoffareallfinite,discretequantities,wecalltheimageadigitalimage.Thefieldofdigitalimagep
3、rocessingreferstoprocessingdigitalimagesbymeansofadigitalcomputer.Notethatadigitalimageiscomposedofafinitenumberofelements,eachofwhichhasaparticularlocationandvalue.Theseelementsarereferredtoaspictureelements,imageelements,pels,andpixels.Pixelisthetermmostwidelyusedtodenotetheelementsofadigitalima
4、ge.Visionisthemostadvancedofoursenses,soitisnotsurprisingthatimagesplaythesinglemostimportantroleinhumanperception.However,unlikehumans,whoarelimitedtothevisualbandoftheelectromagnetic(EM)spec-trum,imagingmachinescoveralmosttheentireEMspectrum,rangingfromgammatoradiowaves.Theycanoperateonimagesgen
5、eratedbysourcesthathumansarenotaccustomedtoassociatingwithimages.Theseincludeultra-sound,electronmicroscopy,andcomputer-generatedimages.Thus,digitalimageprocessingencompassesawideandvariedfieldofapplications.Thereisnogeneralagreementamongauthorsregardingwhereimageprocessingstopsandotherrelatedarea
6、s,suchasimageanalysisandcomputervi-sion,start.Sometimesadistinctionismadebydefiningimageprocessingasadisciplineinwhichboththeinputandoutputofaprocessareimages.Webelievethistobealimitingandsomewhatartificialboundary.Forexample,underthisdefinition,eventhetrivialtaskofcomputingtheaverageintensityofan
7、image(whichyieldsasinglenumber)wouldnotbeconsideredanimageprocessingoperation.Ontheotherhand,therearefieldssuchascomputervisionwhoseultimategoalistousecomputerstoemulatehumanvision,includinglearningandbeingableto
