遗传学简介——摩尔根1.pdf

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1、First,let’stalkaboutThomasHuntMorgan陈婷ThomasHuntMorgan(1866-1945)--Hewonthe1933NobelPrizewinnerinPhysiologyorMedicinefordiscoverieselucidatingtherolethatthechromosomeplaysinheredity.--HisworkestablishedDrosophilaasamajormodelorganismincontemporarygen

2、etics.ThomasHuntMorgan(1866-1945)Beforehimtherewasnoexperimentalgenetics,hewastrainedasanexperimentalembryologist!18591866(1900)CharlesDarwinGregorMendelOriginofSpeciesLawofinheritanceHowdoeshereditywork?GermcelldeterminantsTheMosaicTheoryWilhelmRoux

3、’shotneedleexperimentTotestofthemosaictheoryHansDreisch’sisolationexperimentSeaUrchin海胆Whatconclusionwouldyougetfromtheisolationexperiment?1.Thepotencyofanisolatedblastomereisgreaterthanitsactualprospectivefate.2.Cellinteractioniscriticalfornormaldev

4、elopment(cell-to-cellinteractionsregulateembryodevelopment).Howwouldyouexplainthediscrepancy?SeaUrchin海胆HansSpemann’srecombinationexperimentSalamander蝾螈ThechromosometheoryofheredityAround1902,WalterSutton,TheodorBoveri,andothersnotedthechromosomesobe

5、yMendel'srules:“Imayfinallycallattentiontotheprobabilitythattheassociationofpaternalandmaternalchromosomesinpairsandtheirsubsequentseparationduringthereducingdivision…mayconstitutethephysicalbasisoftheMendelianlawofheredity”ThomasHuntMorgan(1866-1945

6、)•Experimentalembryology–WilhelmRouxTheMosaicTheory,1888(tooka2-cellfrogembryo,killedonecellwithahotneedle,theremainingonedevelopedintoahalfembryo)–HansDriesch,Morgan’sbestfriend,disputedtheMosaictheoryin1891–HansSpemannconfirmedDriesch'sresultswithg

7、reaterprecision•MorganwasdrawnintothenewexperimentalapproachWhatBroughtMorgantoDrosophila?•DisbeliefinDarwin’stheory(1859)•DisbeliefinMendel’stheoryofheredity(1866,rediscoveredin1900)•Disbeliefinthechromosometheory(1902,Sutton&Boveri)•Allinall,Morgan

8、wasanti-speculation!WhatBroughtMorgantoDrosophila?•ButMorganwasafanofHugoDeVriesmutationtheory–"Naturalselectioncanactonlybythepreservationandaccumulationofsmallinheritedmodifications”TheOriginofSpecies–HugodeVriesproposednewspeciesarisebysinglemutat