transcendentalism Emerson Thoreau英美文学史.ppt

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1、TranscendentalismRalphWaldoEmerson&HenryDavidThoreauContentstheoriginofTranscedentalismEmersonandhisworksThoreauandhisworksBackgroundAmericanWarofIndependencePursuitofWealthandMaterialWestwardmovementIndustrializationCultureDependenceonBritainRestrictionofthePuritanism（清教主义）andUni

2、tarianism（唯一神教派）ANewThoughtIsNeededHowTranscendentalismestablishedUnitarianismGermanPhilosophyRomanPhilosophyEasternMysticismHowTranscendentalismestablishedUnitarianismtheoryfoundationforTranscendentalismGodcreatedeverythingandlovesit.SoGodispartofthethingsitcreated.Manisbornwithd

3、ivinity（神性）.Godexistsinman'sspirit.WorshipofGodrequiresmantoliveinharmony.HowTranscendentalismestablishedGermanPhilosophyImmanuelKantJohannGottliebFichteGeorgWilhelmFriedrichHegelRomanPhilosophyNeoplatonismHowTranscendentalismestablishedEasternMysticismChineseConfucianismunityofMa

4、nandNatureapprovalofMan'sspirituallifeIndianBuddismTranscendentalismNewdefinitionforGodNature&Man'sspiritRelationshipbetweenManandGodManhasdivinityMansharesthesamestatuswithGodTranscendentalismFromtheGodtoIndividualfrompre-destinytoinitiativefromdependencetoindependencefromabsolut

5、eobediencetoindividualismKeyWordsOversoulThespiritofGodIndependencesubjectivity&creativityIntuitionSelf-reliancebepowerful&bedifferentSignificanceSpiritualIndependenceconfidenceself-motivationCulturalIndependenceAmericanfeaturedworksSignificanceWarningtoAmericansawareofyourpositio

6、nre-examineyourbehaviorAmericanRenaissancenationalspiritthoroughindependenceContentstheoriginofTranscedentalismEmersonandhisworksThoreauandhisworksRalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生PoetEssayistPopularlecturerFatherofTranscendentalismEmerson’sThoughtsNature(自然):TheAmericanScholar(美国学者)18

7、37：American‘sDeclarationofIntellectualIndependenceSelf–Reliance（论自助）:AestheticsEvaluationtohimlimitationEmerson’sInfluencetoAmericaNation’sdesireRevolutioninAmericanliteratureBestwriterGavespiritstoothersSelf-RelianceIntroductionexcerptIntroductionThethemeofitis:individualismEmers

8、oncallsonindividualstovaluetheiro