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1、12定语从句详解与练习(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词有when, where, why.注意:关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分,定语从句中缺主、宾、表,用关系代词;缺状语用关系副词,何为句子成分?五大基本句1.主+谓(Vi)Icome.2.主+谓(Vt)+
2、宾Iloveyou.3.主+谓(Vt)+间宾+直宾Igivehimabook.4.主+谓(Vt)+宾+宾补Imakehimhappy.5.主+系+表Iamtall.(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语。The house which is by the lake looks nice. (主) 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday. (宾) 这是他昨天买的钢笔。Shewasfondofdancing,whichherbro
3、therneverwas.(表)她喜欢跳舞,她弟弟从不喜欢。2.that 指人/物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。The number of people thatcome to visit this city each year reaches one million.(人主)每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Where is the man(that)I saw this morning? (人宾)我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?Heisnolongeralittleboythatheusedtobe.(人表)他已经不再是以前那个小男
4、孩儿了。The season thatcomes after spring is summer. (物主) 春天以后的季节是夏季。The person (that)you introduced to me is very kind.(物宾) 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。3.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(主) 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Heistheman(who)Italkedabouttoyou.(宾)他就
5、是我给你提到的那位男士。Heisnolongerthemanwhoheusedtobe.(表)他不再是以前的那个他了。 4.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。5.whose 指人/物,在定语从句中作定语,表所属,“……的”I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. (人) 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学
6、家。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. (物) 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。特殊情况归纳总结规则1:关系代词若在限制性定语从句中做宾语并且前面无介词时,关系代词可省略。Sheisthewoman(whom/who/that)Isawyesterday.12规则2:定语从句中的主谓一致(1)关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.(2)one
7、of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词theonlyoneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词,Tomisoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswhohaspassedtheexam(3)非限制性定语从句中,由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时,从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,as/whichisknowntoall.规则3:定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况(1)修饰词+先行词+that(th
8、eonly,thevery,any,few,thefirst,thebest等)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Thefirstplacethatt