语言学《新编简明英语语言学教程》复习资料.doc

《语言学《新编简明英语语言学教程》复习资料.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、Chapter1Linguistics:thescientificstudyoflanguage.（定义）GeneralLinguistics:Phonetics:thegeneralstudyofthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsPhonology:soundpatternsoflanguagesMorphology:theformofwordsSyntax:therulesgoverningthecombinationofwordsintosentence.Semantics:themeaningoflanguagePragmatics:themea

2、ningoflanguageisconductedinthecontextoflanguageLanguevs.parole(F.deSaussure)语言和言语（定义）Langue:theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofthespeechcommunity.Parole:therealizationoflangueinactualuse.Competenceandperformance(Chomsky)语言能力和语言应用（定义）Competence:theidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhisl

3、anguagePerformance:theactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunicationHowisSaussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparolesimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?（相似点，不同点）SimilartoSaussure,Chomskythinkswhatlinguistsshouldstudyistheidealuser’scompetence,nothisperformanc

4、eistoohaphazardtobestudied.Sothetaskofthelinguistsshoulddiscoverandspecifyrules.TwolinguistsideadifferinthatSaussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguage,Chomskylooksatlanguagefromapsychologicalpointofviewandtohimcompetenceisapropertyofthemindofeachindividual.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsu

5、sedforhumancommunication.（定义）(语言是一个具有任意性、用于人类交流的语音符号系统。)Thedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage(CharlesHockettin1960)（定义）Arbitrariness(任意性):Nologicalconnectionbetweensoundsandmeanings.（定义）Productivity/Creativity(能产性/创造性):Peculiartohumanlanguages，usersoflanguagecanunderstandandproducesentencestheyhaven

6、everheardbefore.（定义）Duality:Languageisorganizedattwolevelsorlayerssimultaneously.（定义）Thelowerorbasiclevelisastructureofsoundswhicharemeaningless.Thehigherlevelismorphemeorword(doublearticulation)Displacement（定义）CulturaltransmissionChapter2Phonetics（语音学）（定义）Phonetics:thestudyofthephonicmediumofl

7、anguage:itisconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguages.（是指对语言的语音媒介进行的研究，它关注语言世界中的所有语音）Threebranchesofphonetics:articulatoryphonetics（发音）auditoryphonetics（听觉）acousticphonetics（声学）Orthographicrepresentationofspeechsound