相关链接 (5).ppt

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1、LessonFiveLoveisaFallacy----byMaxShulmanAimsTohaveabasicknowledgeofthetermsinlogic.Toappreciatethehumorinthestory.ToanalyzethestructureofthestoryToappreciatethelanguageTeachingContentsSpecialtermsinlogicDetailedstudyofthetextOrganizationalpatternThechiefattractionofthestoryLang

2、uagefeaturesExercisesTimeallocationTermsinlogic(15min.)Detailedstudyofthetext(110min.)Structureanalysis(15min.)Languageappreciation(15min.)Exercise(25min.)LessonFiveI.Specialtermsinlogicargument--astatementwhichisofferedasanevidenceoraproof.Itconsistsoftwomajorelements1.conclus

3、ion2.premises--apreviousstatementservingasabasisforanargument.Conclusionistobedrawnfrompremises.Specialtermsinlogicfallacy--falsereasoning,asinanargumentaweaknessandlackoflogicorgoodsenseinanargumentorpieceofreasoningfallacyUsually,anargumentiscorrect(deductivelyvalid)iftheprem

4、isescanprovideenoughconclusiveevidencefortheconclusion.Otherwisetheargumentiswrong.Itissaidtobefallacious.SpecialtermsinlogicThreekindsoffallacy:1.materialfallacy--initsmaterialcontentthroughamisstatementofthefacts.2.verbalfallacy--initswordingthroughanincorrectuseofterms.3.for

5、malfallacy-initsstructurethroughtheuseofanimproperprocessofinference.FalseAnalogy"Highschoolshouldnotrequireafreshmanwritingcourse.Harvarddoesn'trequireafreshmanwritingcourse,andthestudentsgetalongfinewithoutit".---Theanalogyisfalsebecausethetwoitemsdon'thavestrongenoughsimilar

6、itiestopredictthatwhathappensinonewillhappenintheother.DictaSimpliciter"Everyonewantstogetmarriedsomeday."---Theexamplestartsalogicaltrainofthoughtwithanassumptionthatisfalse.Not"everyone"wantstogetmarried.EvadingtheissueThereareanumberofhandyfallaciesthatpeoplepressintoservice

7、tosidestepaproblemwhileappearingtopursuethepoint.(文不对题)1）Distraction"Suds'n'Pudsisagreatrestaurant:youcanseehowshiningcleanthekitchensare".---Theexampleiscalleddistractionbecausethereader'sattentionisdrawntothecleanlinessofthekitcheninsteadoftotheexcellenceofthefood,whichisusua

8、llythedeterminerofagreatrestaurant.2）Adhominem"against