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1、Neurology(inGeneral)LinYin,MDChief,ProfessorTeaching/researchSectionofNeurologyandPsychiatryThe2ndClinicalCollegeofDalianMedicalUniversityChapter1IntroductionDefinitionNeurologymeansclinicalneurology,whichisabranchofinternalmedicine.Neurologyisasciencestudyingtheetiology,pathogenesis,
2、pathology,clinicalmanifestations,treatment,prognosisandpreventionofnervoussystemdiseasesandmusculardiseases.Chapter1IntroductionNeurologyandPsychiatryNeurologicaldiseasesareclosetobutdifferentfromPsychiatricdiseases.Psychiatricdiseasesrefertodisturbanceofthenormalfunctionofthebrainesp.
3、thementalactivitiessuchasrecognitions,feelings,decisions,behaviors,andsoon.Chapter1IntroductionWorkingprotocolSimilartointernalmedicine.Firsttakethemedicalhistory,thendophysicalexam,andthendosomemedicalexams.Sowegetthecorrectdiagnosisandbegintotreatthepatient.SomedifferencestoInternalM
4、edicineNeedtomasterthethoroughandsystemicexaminationskillsofthenervoussystem,Focusonthelocalizationdiagnosisandetiologicaldiagnosisofthedisease.Selectivelychoosesomemedicalexaminationsfromsomanyavailabletoday,suchaslumbarpuncture(LP),CT,CTA,MRI,MRA,DSA,ECT,EEG,EMG,etc.第一章绪论工作思维方法与内科大体相
5、同,通过病史、体格检查、辅助检查,来进行诊断、治疗和预防。与内科不同之处在于:1、需要掌握神经系统检查方法。2、强调疾病的定位诊断与定性诊断。3、辅助检查发展的很快,有腰穿、CT、MRI、PET(正电子发射断层扫描)、DSA(脑血管造影)等,要有针对性地选择。4.治疗原则:治愈(脑炎、脑膜炎、GBS)、缓解(EPI,PD,MS)、对症(AD,OPCA,PMD,ALS)CT-ComputerizedTomographyChapter1IntroductionImportanceofNeurologyCTA-ComputerizedTomographyAngiograp
6、hyMRI-MagneticResonanceImagingMRA-MagneticResonanceAngiographyDSA-DigitalSubstrationAngiographyECT–EmissionComputerizedTomography:PET(PositronEmissionTomography)SPECT(SinglePhotonEmissionCT)Neurophysiolgy:EEG-ElectroencephlographyEMG-ElectromyographyMEG-MagnetoencephlographyCEP-Cerebra
7、lEvokedPotentials第一章绪论神经系统疾病的种类感染、血管病、肿瘤、外伤、免疫、变性、遗传、中毒、先天、营养代谢、等。第一章绪论神经症状的分类缺损症状(脑血管病)刺激症状(肿瘤、腰凸)释放症状(锥体束征、强笑强哭)休克症状(脑休克、脊髓休克)第一章绪论神经病学的特点及重要性大脑是人体的“司令部”,支配和调节全身各系统的功能。中枢神经一旦发生损害难于治疗,原因是中枢神经元不能再生。神经解剖复杂、难学、难懂,但是它非常有条理、逻辑性强,只要入门,有兴趣,就不难。神经病学大有前途,随着社会的发展,寿命的延长,发病率明显增加,脑血管病已成为三大死亡疾病之一