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1、Unit3 textBThehistoryofbooks1.ThefirstknowninventorofprintinginEuropewasJohannesGutenbergofGermany.ThefirstbookprintedinhisworkshopwasaLatinBible.Afewcopiesofthisfirstbookstillexist.Theyarenowoverfivehundredyearsold.TheGutenbergBiblewasprintedonahandpresswithtypemadeoflead.Mostoftheco
2、pieswereprintedonpaper,butafewwereprintedonvellum.Thebooksareabout12incheswideand16.5incheslong.Nexthome2.MenwhohadbeentrainedinGutenberg’sworkshopsoonestablishedthemselvesasindependentprinters.By1500,aboutfiftyyearsafterthefirstBiblewasprinted,morethan30,000bookshadbeenprinted.TheBib
3、lewasstillthemostpopularbook.Otherchurchbookswerealsoprinted,aswereGreekandLatinclassics,historybooks,andastronomybooks.homeNextup3.Thetoolsofthefirstprintersweresimpleandcouldbemovedabouteasily.AttheendofthefifteenthcenturythereweremorethanathousandprintersinEurope.Sincemanypeoplecou
4、ldnotreadLatinandGreek,booksweresoonprintedinvariouslanguages.Theprintersalsobegantomakethebookssmaller,sothattheycouldbehandledmoreeasily.homeNextupFurthermore,theprintersbegantomaketheirbooksmoreelaborate,addingpicturesandornamentallettersatthebeginningofchapters.Graduallytheletters
5、ofthetypeweremadesmaller,finerandmoredelicate.Thelettersbegantolooklesslikemanuscriptletters,andeventually,theformoftheletterswassimplifiedtothepointwheretheywerewell-adaptedtothemetalofthetype.homeNextup4.Sometimesbookswereillustratedwithwoodcuts.Blocksofwoodwerecarvedsothatthewhitep
6、artsofthepicturewerebelowthesurfaceofthewood.Whenthesurfacewasinkedandstampedontopaper,thedarkpartofthepicturewasreproduced.Thefirstattempts,ofcourse,wererathercrude,buteventuallytheblockprintersweremakingmeticulousandartisticillustrations.Florence,inItalyandLyons,inFrance,becamefamou
7、sfortheirillustratedbooks.homeupNext5.Intheseventeenthcentury,greatnumbersofreligiouspamphletswereprinted.Thesepamphletswerenotalwaysneatorartisticbecausethewriterswereonlyinterestedinspreadingtheirideasquickly,andthereadersdidnotconsidertheappearanceofthebookimportant.Theartofmetalen
8、gravi
