欢迎来到天天文库
浏览记录
ID:50246404
大小:1.70 MB
页数:67页
时间:2020-03-14
《风险评估技术讲稿.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、第一期污染场地调查与风险评估培训班风险评估的基本理论RiskAssessmentFundamentals毒理参数的概念与搜集ConceptandCollationofToxicityData制定污染场地环境基准的常用模型CommonlyUsedModelsintheDerivationofSoilGenericAssessmentCriteria第一期污染场地调查与风险评估培训班1.风险评估的基本理论RISKASSESSMENTFUNDAMENTALS风险评估的基本理论(RiskAssessmentFundame
2、ntals)主要内容(KEYTOPICS)风险评估概述(OverviewofRiskEvaluation)毒性评估(ToxicityAssessment)暴露评估(ExposureAssessment)风险表征(RiskCharacterization)风险评估概述(OverviewofRiskEvaluation)风险评估(RiskAssessment)风险(RISK)=危害(Hazard)x暴露(Exposure).极端的极端风险(Extreme)(Extremerisk)非常高(Veryhigh)高(High)暴
3、露中(Moderate)(Exposure)低(Low)非常低风险可忽略的(Verylowrisk)(Negligible)极微的严重的(Minimal)危害(Severe)(Hazard)风险量化(Quantifyingrisks)...风险评估概述(OverviewofRiskEvaluation)风险的认知(RiskPerception)认知到的风险≠计算得到的风险:(PerceivedRisk)(CalculatedRisk)可控制的vs.不可控制的(Controllablevs.Uncontrollable)
4、自发的vs.非自发的(Voluntaryvs.Involuntary)可见的vs.不可见的(Seenvs.Unseen)灾难性的vs.长期的(Catastrophicvs.Chronic)什么是“可接受的风险”?(Whatis„acceptable‟?)风险评估概述(OverviewofRiskEvaluation)风险评估的主要步骤(PrincipalStepsinRiskAssessment)1毒性评估(ToxicityAssessment)2暴露评估(ExposureAssessment)3风险表征(RiskCh
5、aracterization)风险评估概述(OverviewofRiskEvaluation)毒性评估(ToxicityAssessment)表征(Characterization):i)化学品暴露产生的危害或疾病的类型。(typeofinjuryordiseaseproducedbychemicalexposureand)ii)相关的剂量效应关系。(associateddose-responserelation.)这种物质的危害性到底有多大?(Howbadisthisstuff?)风险评估概述(OverviewofR
6、iskEvaluation)暴露评估(ExposureAssessment)确定暴露人群的性质和规模和潜在化学品摄入。(Definenatureandsizeofexposedpopulationandthepotentialchemicalintake.)污染物能否发生迁移?谁住在那里?他们如何处置污染物?(Canitgettherefromhere?Wholivesthere?Andwhatdotheydowithit?)风险评估概述(OverviewofRiskEvaluation)风险表征(RiskCharac
7、terization)量化暴露人群受关注化学物质毒性影响的可能性。(Quantifylikelihoodthatexposedpopulationwillexperiencetoxiceffectsassociatedwithchemicalofconcern.)负面影响的风险如何?(What‟stheriskofnegativeimpact?)风险评估概述(OverviewofRiskEvaluation)达标点vs.暴露点(PointofCompliancevs.PointofExposure)位置应用限值(LOC
8、ATION)(APPLICATIONLIMIT)达标点(POC)污染源区清理标准PointofComplianceSourceZoneCleanupStandard暴露点(POE)受体目标风险或暴露限值PointofExposureReceptorTargetriskorexposurelimitPOCPOE风险评估的基本理论(R
此文档下载收益归作者所有