语法之定语从句.doc

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1、定语从句定语从句定义：作定语作用，放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面的从句称为定语从句。分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，连接先行词与从句之间的关系代词或关系副词常用的有who,whom,which,that,whose(ofwhich),when,where,why.判断关系代词的用法依据：一，当修饰的名词代表人或物1.所修饰的是人还是物(一般修饰人用who和that，修饰物用which和that)2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，相当于并列句，也可代指主句整句话。修饰人和物只可用who，whom和whi

2、ch，不用that，不可省略）e.g.Iwantthisman,whocanspeakEnglish.e.g.Theygaveuptheplan,whichwasaverygoodone.e.g.Bettylostherteddybear,whichmadehersad.3.根据它在从句中所充当的是主语，宾语，还是表语。（1）限制性定语从句中修饰人，作主语，用who或that；作宾语，用who，whom或that，此时可以省略；当作表语时，只用that。e.g.Heisnotthemanthathewas.（2）限制性定语从句中修饰物，做主语，用which或th

3、at；作宾语，用which或that，此时that可以省略；作表语，只用that。e.g.Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.4.限制性定语从句中以下情况只能用that，作宾语时that可省略。（1）当先行词是不定代词（some，any，every，no及其复合词，all，noone，one，none，each，other，another，either，neither，many，much，few，little，both，half，alotofagreatmanyplentyofalargenumberof等表示很多的词

4、组，only，very）e.g.Allthatlivemustdie.e.g.Doyouhaveanything(that)youwanttosayforyourself?e.g.Thisistheverybook(that)I’mlookingfor.（2）当先行词既有人又有物的时候：e.g.Hewaswatchingthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledthecar.（3）主句中有最高级或序数词时：e.g.Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstthepollution.e.g.Thetrainisthe

5、lastthatwillgotoShanghai.e.g.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilm(that)youhaveseen.(4)表示物体固有的特点：e.g.Thereisahousethathasgreenwindows.（5）当主句是疑问句时：e.g.whichisthebike(that)youhavelost?（6）当有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用which，另一个适宜用that,反之亦然。e.g.Theybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcancausepollution.5.限

6、制性定语从句中修饰人只用who或whom,修饰物只用which，不用that.(1)先行词是those加名词：e.g.Headmiresthosewholooksbeautiful.e.g.Pleasethrowawaythoserottenappleswhichhavebeenkeptinthefridgefortwomonths.(2)从句中介词前置，人一般用whom物用which：e.g.Thisisthefactoryinwhichweworked.e.g.ThisisthebookforwhichIhaveasked.=Thisisthebook(wh

7、ich/that)Ihaveaskedfor.e.g.ThisisthepersonforwhomIboughtbirthdaypresent.不定时用法：Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.=theoldmanhasnohousetolivein.注意由于一些动词与介词是固定搭配，所以不可分割：Thisisthepen(which)Iamlookingfor.（3）名词与关系代词离得远e.g.Marytoldherdaughterthestoryoftheyoungmanwhichhermothertoldherwhenshew

8、asachild.二．当