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1、13CORONAVIRALINFECTIONSJAMESF.EVERMANNANDDAVIDA.BENFIELDSynonyms:Coronavirusenteritis,coronavirusantibodies(SaifandHeckert1990;HolmesandLaipneumonia,coronavirusencephalitis,feline1996).A1978serologicsurveyofcaribouRangiferinfectiousperitonitis,caninecoronavirus,bovinetarandusfromtheGeorgeRiver
2、areainNorthernQue-coronavirus,porcinecoronavirus,elkcoronavirusbec,Canada,indicatedthat13%hadantibodiesthatneutralizedbovinecoronaviruses(Tsunemitsuetal.1995).Lowerseroprevalenceinwildmammalscon-INTRODUCTION.Thecoronaviruseshaveemergedtrastswithdomesticherds,whereprevalenceofadultoverthepast30
3、yearstobecomeoneofthemostanimalswithantibodiestocoronavirusisusuallywidelystudiedvirusgroupsaffectinganimals(Saifandgreaterthan80%(Rodaketal.1982).TrueassessmentHeckert1990;HolmesandLai1996).Theviruseswereofcoronavirusprevalencewouldrequiremorefrequentinitiallynamedbasedonthediseasesyndromethe
4、ytestingand/ormoresensitiveassays,suchaspoly-wereisolatedfrom,andsubsequentlyshowntocausemerasechainreaction(PCR),thatdetectlowlevelsoffollowingexperimentalinoculation(Pensaertetal.virusinfecesorrespiratorysecretions(Shockleyetal.1970;Stairetal.1972;Mebusetal.1975).Coron-1987;Benfieldetal.1991
5、;Herreweghetal.1995).avirusesarecurrentlyplacedinthefamilyCoronaviri-Alternatively,coronavirusinfectionsofwildmammalsdae,andtogetherwiththefamilyArteriviridae,com-mayberare,ortheanimalsareinherentlyresistanttopriseaneworder:Nidovirales(Cavanagh1997).infectionandsufficientvirusisnotshedtoinfect
6、largeVirtuallyeveryanimalspeciesthathasbeenstudiednumbersofanimalsinthepopulationatrisk.hasbeenshowntobeinfectedbyacoronavirus.TheseCoronavirusinfectionsofdomesticanimalswerevirusesarewelldocumentedtocausediarrheaandres-initiallyrecognizedin1951andwereprimarilyassoci-piratorydiseaseindomesticu
7、ngulates,includingsheepatedwithentericdisease(Barkeretal.1993).TheOvisaries,cattleBostaurus,swineSusscrofa,andvirusesweredifficulttocultureand,asaresult,werehorsesEquuscaballus.Thecoronavirusesinfectpre-primarilydetectedbyhistopathology
