英美文化概况考试简答题.doc

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1、一．美国the3branchesoftheU.Sfederalgovernmentthelegislativebranch(立法机构)theexecutivebranch(行政机构)thejudicialbranch(司法机构)(1)thelegislativebranchThelegislativebranchismadeupofelectedrepresentativesfromallofthestatesandistheonlybranchthatcanmakefederallaws,levyfederaltaxes,declarewarorputforei

2、gntreatiesintoeffect.ItconsistsofaCongressthatisdividedintotwohouses.1）TheHouseofRepresentatives（众议院）Itcompriseslawmakerswhoservetwo-yearterms.Eachmemberrepresentsadistrictinhisorherhomestate.Thenumberofdistrictsinastateisdeterminedbyacountofthepopulationtakenevery10years.2）TheSenate（

3、参议院）Itcompriseslawmakerswhoservesix-yearterms.Eachstate,regardlessofpopulation,hastwosenators.One-thirdoftheSenateiselectedeverytwoyears.ThemaindutyoftheCongressistomakelaws,includingthosewhichlevytaxesthatpayfortheworkofthefederalgovernment.Alawbeginsasaproposalcalleda"bill".Whenboth

4、housesofCongresspassabillonwhichtheyagree,itissenttothepresidentforhissignature.Onlyafteritissigneddoesthebillbecomealaw.(2)TheexecutivebranchThechiefexecutiveoftheUnitedStatesisthepresident,who,togetherwiththevicepresident,iselectedtoafour-yearterm.UnderaConstitutionalAmendment（修正案）p

5、assedin1951,apresidentcanbeelectedtoonlytwoterms.Thepowersofthepresidencyareformidable:thechiefformulatorofpublicpolicycommanderinchiefofthearmedforcesproposeslegislationtoCongressvetoanybillpassedbyCongress(Thevetocanbeoverriddenbyatwo-thirdsvoteinboththeSenateandHouseofRepresentativ

6、es.)hasbroadpowerstoissueregulationsanddirectivesregardingtheworkofthefederalgovernment'smanydepartmentsandagencies.hastheauthoritytoappointfederaljudgesasvacanciesoccur,includingmembersoftheSupremeCourt.(subjecttoconfirmationbytheSenate)appointstheheadsandseniorofficialsofthemajordep

7、artmentsofthegovernmentwhocollectivelymakeupthepresident'scabinet.(thelargemajorityoffederalworkers,however,areselectedthroughanonpoliticalcivilservicesystem.)(confirmedbytheSenate)primarilyresponsibleforhandlingforeignrelationscaneasilyinfluencepublicopinion.(3)ThejudicialbranchTheju

8、dicia