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1、虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)ShouldWould+动词原形couldmightIfhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句
2、If1. should+动词原形2.wereto+动词原形3. 动词过去式ShouldWould+动词原形couldmightIfyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.三、与过去事实相反4连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词ShouldWould+have+过去分词couldmightIfI’d
3、knownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)(=Iftherewe
4、renowater,…)(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome. 4五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest,advise,recommend,demand,require,ins
5、ist,urge,request,order,+that…(should)+动词原形decide,ask,move,propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。Heinsiststhatheisright.
6、 2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：形容词时态Itis(was)imperativeadvisableimportantnaturalnecessaryessentialstrangethat…(should)+动词完成式that…(should)+动词原形4Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomew
7、ork.3、wish的用法动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望
8、，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1）Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)（2）Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：Heactsas
