曼昆经济学原理第一章.ppt

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1、PowerPoint®LecturePresentationtoaccompanyPrinciplesofEconomics,ThirdEditionN.GregoryMankiwPreparedbyMarkP.Karscig,CentralMissouriStateUniversity.1INTRODUCTION1TenPrinciplesofEconomicsEconomy......ThewordeconomycomesfromaGreekwordfor“onewhomanagesahousehold.”TENPRINCIPLESO

2、FECONOMICSAhouseholdandaneconomyfacemanydecisions:Whowillwork?Whatgoodsandhowmanyofthemshouldbeproduced?Whatresourcesshouldbeusedinproduction?Atwhatpriceshouldthegoodsbesold?TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSSocietyandScarceResources:Themanagementofsociety’sresourcesisimportantbec

3、auseresourcesarescarce.Scarcity...meansthatsocietyhaslimitedresourcesandthereforecannotproduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSEconomicsisthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSHowpeoplemakedecisions.Peoplefacet

4、radeoffs.Thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit.Rationalpeoplethinkatthemargin.Peoplerespondtoincentives.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSHowpeopleinteractwitheachother.Tradecanmakeeveryonebetteroff.Marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivity.Governmentscansometimesimpro

5、veeconomicoutcomes.TENPRINCIPLESOFECONOMICSTheforcesandtrendsthataffecthowtheeconomyasawholeworks.Thestandardoflivingdependsonacountry’sproduction.Pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney.Societyfacesashort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemployment.Principle#1:Peopl

6、eFaceTradeoffs.“Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch!”Makingdecisionsrequirestradingoffonegoalagainstanother.Principle#1:PeopleFaceTradeoffs.Togetonething,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthing.Gunsv.butterFoodv.clothingLeisuretimev.workEfficiencyv.equityPrinciple#1:PeopleFaceTrade

7、offsEfficiencyv.EquityEfficiencymeanssocietygetsthemostthatitcanfromitsscarceresources.Equitymeansthebenefitsofthoseresourcesaredistributedfairlyamongthemembersofsociety.Principle#2:TheCostofSomethingIsWhatYouGiveUptoGetIt.Decisionsrequirecomparingcostsandbenefitsofaltern

8、atives.Whethertogotocollegeortowork?Whethertostudyorgooutonadate?Whethertogotoclassorsleepin?The