冠状病毒Coronavirusl论文-1999 Principles and Practice of Clinical Virology __ Coronaviruses and Toroviruses.pdf

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1、PrinciplesandPracticeofClinicalVirology.EditedbyArieJ.Zuckerman,JanguE.BanatvalaandJohnR.PattisonCopyright©2000JohnWiley&SonsLtdISBNs:0-471-97340-8(Hardback);0-470-84247-4(Electronic)10CoronavirusesandTorovirusesDavidCavanaghInstituteforAnimalHealth,Newbury,UKINTRODUCTIONchildrenandadultswith

2、diarrhoea(Beardsetal.,1984).Thehumanvirusesformedimmunocom-Humancoronaviruses(HCVs)areusuallythoughtplexeswithanti-BEVandBoTVsera.Muchlessisofinthecontextofthecommoncoldand,indeed,knownabouthumantorovirusesthancorona-thesevirusesareresponsibleforuptoone-thirdofviruses.colds.Thereisalsoevidenc

3、eforcoronavirusesbe-ingassociatedwithentericdiseaseinhumans.HCVscangrowinsomeneuralcellsinvitroandTHEVIRUSEShavebeenassociatedwithcasesofmultiplescler-osis,althoughtheroleofthecoronavirusinsuchThecoronaviruses,inthesinglegenusCoronavirus,casesisnotclear.Thealimentarytractiscertainlyawereforma

4、nyyearstheonlymembersofthefamilysiteofreplicationoftoroviruses,includingthoseofCoronaviridae.RecentlythegenusToroviruswashumans;thesevirusessuperficiallyresembleco-includedinthisfamily.Moreover,certaincharac-ronaviruses,withwhichtheymaybeconfused.teristicsrelatingtogenomeorganization,transcrip

5、-Coronaviruseswerefirstisolatedinhumansintionandtranslationresultedinthecreationofthethemid-1960s(TyrrellandBynoe,1965;HamreandorderNidoviralescomprisingthefamiliesCo-Procknow,1966).TheoriginalcoronavirusstrainsronaviridaeandArteriviridae(Cavanagh,1997;dewerepassagedinorganculturesofhumanembry

6、-Vriesetal.,1997).Noarteriviruses,whicharemor-onictracheaornasalepitheliumandinprimaryphologicallydistinctfromcoronavirusesandhumankidneycellcultures.Subsequentlyseveraltoroviruses,haveyetbeendiscoveredinhumans.otherHCVshavebeenisolatedinorganortissueBothcoronavirusesandtorovirusescomprisecul

7、tures.ThemajorityofHCVsstudiedtodateareRNA-containingvirusesofsimilarsizeandgrossserologicallyrelatedtooneoftworeferencestrains,appearance.Thecoronavirusesarelargelyasso-229EandOC43.Molecularanalysishasshownthatciatedwithrespiratoryandenteric