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1、RESEARCHHIGHLIGHTSDiseaseWatchTRACKINGDOWNMERSCORONAVIRUSIdentifyingtheanimalsourceofhumaninfectionswithMiddleEastrespiratorysyndromecoronavirus(MERS-CoV)isapriority.Thedetectionofantibodiesspecificforthevirusindromedarycamelsandofidenticalviralsequencesintombbat
2、sandinpatientswithMERSsuggeststhatthesetwoanimalsserveasMERS-CoVreservoirs.EpidemiologicaldataindicatethatcurrentlycirculatingMERS-CoVstrainsareunlikelytocauseanepidemicbyspreadingbetweenhumans,astheirreproductionnumber(thenumberofnewcasesarisingfromasingleinfect
3、edperson)is0.69,whichistoolowtomaintaincontinuous,widespreadtransmission;incomparison,thereproductionnumberofsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)CoVis0.89.Thus,bypreventingviraltransmissionfromanimalreservoirstohumans,itishopedthatthespreadofMERS-CoVcanbestopped.
4、BBCNews/LancetBADGERSTOBLAMEFORBOVINETB?Mycobacteriumboviscausestuberculosis(TB)incattle,butitcanalsoinfectwildanimalsand,occasionally,humans.IntheUnitedKingdom,badgersarethoughttospreadM. bovisbetweenfarms,therebyhinderingdiseaseeradication.Twocontroversialprogr
5、ammesarenowunderwaytotackletheproblem:abadgervaccinationtrialinWalesandthecullingofwildbadgersinaffectedareasofsouthwestEngland.Opponentsquestionthescientificandeconomicrationaleofbothprogrammes.Apreviouscullingtrialresultedinonlya16%reductionofnewbovineTBcases.I
6、nthecurrenttrial,5,000badgerswillbekilled—anumberexpectedtobetoosmalltohaveasignificantimpactonbovineTB.Vaccination,bycontrast,iseffectiveonlyinuninfectedanimalsandisestimatedtocostUK£620perbadgerannually.BBCNews/TheGuardianACCIDENTALRELEASEOFRETROVIRUSReticuloen
7、dotheliosisviruses(REVs)areunusualretrovirusescirculatinginbirds;theyarenotrelatedtoanyotheravianretroviruses,butinsteadresembleendogenousviralelements(EVEs)foundinmongooses.GeneticanalysisnowrevealsthatbothREVsandEVEsarederivedfromamammalianretrovirusthatinfecte
8、dtheancestorofmongoosesmorethan8 millionyearsago.Cross-speciestransmissiontobirds,however,wasaveryrecenteventandinvolvedtheaccidentalspreadofREVsduringexperime