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时间:2020-04-05
《计量资料的统计描述全科医师.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、第二章数值变量资料的统计分析DescriptiveStatistics2统计描述统计分析统计推断2021/7/303【例7-1】某地用随机抽样的方法对130名健康成年男性红细胞数进行了检测,资料如表1,请描述男性红细胞的情况。2021/7/30表1某地130名正常成年男子红细胞数(1012/L)3.79*4.575.194.864.284.675.374.984.455.88*4.535.164.844.154.665.314.974.434.774.785.14.834.114.635.284.944.
2、44.745.675.054.813.984.615.234.94.354.75.465.034.493.894.575.214.874.294.675.384.984.464.784.545.164.854.174.665.324.974.434.775.075.134.834.134.645.294.954.424.745.694.534.814.014.625.264.914.364.735.495.044.783.944.575.234.94.314.685.394.994.485.084.545
3、.174.864.274.665.364.984.434.774.535.154.844.134.645.294.964.424.755.694.84.824.14.625.264.934.394.745.615.045.13.984.585.234.94.334.685.454.494.82021/7/304问题??表1的130个数据,无论多认真审视,也说不清这些人红细胞的情况怎样、特征如何。你应该如何着手整理,整理的目的是什么?结合学过的知识,你认为用什么方式描述这份资料能让人对资料内容一目了然?统计
4、描述就是解决此问题的方法,即用统计表、统计图和统计指标来描述样本数据的特征2021/7/305第一节计量资料的统计描述频数表与频数分布平均指标(算术均数、几何均数、中位数、众数)变异指标(极差、百分位数与四分位间距、方差、标准差、变异系数)2021/7/306一、频数表与频数分布(frequencytableandfrequencydistribution)频数(frequency):变量值出现的次数,即例数频数表(frequencydistributiontable):反映变量值与频数之间关系的统计表2
5、021/7/307表1某地130名正常成年男子红细胞数(1012/L)3.79*4.575.194.864.284.675.374.984.455.88*4.535.164.844.154.665.314.974.434.774.785.14.834.114.635.284.944.44.745.675.054.813.984.615.234.94.354.75.465.034.493.894.575.214.874.294.675.384.984.464.784.545.164.854.174.665.
6、324.974.434.775.075.134.834.134.645.294.954.424.745.694.534.814.014.625.264.914.364.735.495.044.783.944.575.234.94.314.685.394.994.485.084.545.174.864.274.665.364.984.434.774.535.154.844.134.645.294.964.424.755.694.84.824.14.625.264.934.394.745.615.045.13
7、.984.585.234.94.334.685.454.494.82021/7/3081.频数表的编制步骤(1)求极差(range):即最大值与最小值之差,又称为全距。本例极差:R=5.88-3.79=2.09(1012/L)。(2)决定组数、组段和组距:根据研究目的和样本含量n确定。组距=极差/组数,通常分10-15个组,为方便计,组距参考极差的十分之一,再略加调整。本例i=R/10=2.09/10=0.209≈0.2。(3)列出组段:第一组段的下限略小于最小值,最后一个组段上限必须包含最大值,其它组段
8、上限值忽略。(4)划记计数:用划记法将所有数据归纳到各组段,得到各组段的频数。2021/7/309622.8130合计5.85.81–5.7~5.922.45.645.5~48.65.49正5.3~88.45.217正正正5.1~1055.021正正正正–4.9~1204.825正正正正正4.7~101.24.622正正正正4.5~70.44.416正正正–4.3~37.84.29正4.1~16.04.043.9~7.23.8
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