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ID:52820132
大小:1.65 MB
页数:44页
时间:2020-04-13
《语用学—合作原则.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、LanguageinUse——语用学:合作原则Contents:123ViolationofCPExercisesandHomeworkTheCooperativePrincipleMeaningsof“Meaning”“含义”的含义是什么呢?Discussion:Warming-upQuestionConceptualmeaning---associativemeaningLiteralmeaning----pragmaticmeaningConnotativemeaning---denotativemeaningYes!Therea
2、realotofmeanings.But,whatdoyoumeannow?TheCooperativePrinciple(合作原则)CP的提出:byHerbertPaulGrice,1975,“LogicandConversation”TheCooperativePrinciple(合作原则)Grice(1975):在所有的语言交际活动中,为了达到一定的目标,说话人和听话人之间存在着一种默契,一种双方都遵守的原则,即合作原则。说话者和听话者很有默契地合作着,一次交谈、甚至是一场吵架,都是语言合作的结果。TheCooperative
3、Principle(合作原则)2.ContentsofCP(合作原则的内容)Quality质Quantity量Relation相关Manner方式TheCooperativePrinciple(合作原则)1)Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasrequired.2)Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.Quantity量不多说,也不少说。TheCooperativePrinciple(合作原则)Trytomakeyourcon
4、tributiononethatistrue:1)Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.2)Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.Quality质说真话TheCooperativePrinciple(合作原则)Berelevant.话题要相关。Relation相关说话要相关,贴切。TheCooperativePrinciple(合作原则)Beperspicuous,andspecifically:1)avoidobscurityofexpression.避免
5、晦涩2)avoidambiguity.避免歧义3)bebrief.简单明了4)beorderly.井井有条Manner方式Inshort:Sub-consciouslyorevenunconsciously,whenwespeak,wegenerallyhavesomethingliketheCPinourmind.说话者在无意识地遵守着合作原则。Wewilltrytosaythingswhicharetrue,relevant,aswellasinformativeenough,andinaclearmanner.Thatis:Hum
6、anbeingstrytospeaksincerely,relevantlyandclearly,whileprovidingsufficientinformation.说话者试图真诚地、贴切地、清楚地表达足够的信息,交流才得以顺利进行。But:Theviewmaydescribeaphilosopher’sparadise,butnooneactuallyspeakslikethatthewholetime.但是,现实中人们并非总按照规则说话。甚至,有时候人们在故意违反规则。ViolationofCPViolationofQuanti
7、ty(量的违反)A:Wouldyoumindtellingmeyouraddress?(您介意告诉我您的住址吗?)B:SomewhereInthesouthofHandan.(我住在邯郸的南边。)ViolationofCPViolationofQuantity(量的违反)2.A:WhereisJohn?(约翰在哪呢?)B:He’sgonetothelibrary.Hesaidsowhenheleft.(他去图书馆了。他走时是这么说的。)ViolationofCPViolationofQuantity(量的违反)3.Boysareboys
8、!男孩毕竟是男孩!4.Wariswar.战争就是战争。ViolationofCPViolationofQuality(质的违反)1.Sheismadeofiron.她是铁娘子。2.“用了xx产品,今年20,
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