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1、Chapter4ValuesandTranslating4.1ThedefinitionofvaluesValuestellpeoplewhatbehaviorsarefavoredbythesociety,whatpeopleshouldloveorhate,whatisgoodorevil,whatisbeautifulorugly,whatisnormalorabnormal,whatisrightorwrong.Theyarethebasesofoutlookoflifeortheworld.4.2Collectivismvs
2、.Individualism4.2.1Individualism1)thehabitorprincipleofbeingindependentofself-reliant;2)asocialtheoryfavoringfreedomofactionforindividualsovercollectiveorstatecontrol.TheNewOxfordDictionaryofEnglishIndividualism:1.feelingorbehaviourofapersonwholikestodothingshis/herownw
3、ay,regardlessofwhatotherpeopledo.2.theorythatfavoursfreeactionandcompletelibertyofbeliefforeachindividualperson(contrastedwiththetheorythatfavoursthesupremacyofthestate)Individualrightsandobligationscomefirst.Thereisastrongemphasisonindividualmeritsandcompetition,whichi
4、scommunicatedinproverb,“Theearlybirdgetstheworm.”Individualismisexpressedinvaluesabouttheimportanceofdoingyourbest,rewardforindividualachievementandthechanceofsuccess,andtheimportanceofsolvingproblemsyourself,notwaitingforotherstodoitforyou.个人主义:一切从个人出发,把个人利益放在集体利益之上,只顾
5、自己、不顾别人的错误思想。《现代汉语词典》4.2.2Collectivism:peoplehaveamuchstrongervalueofmaintainingharmonyandgoodrelationsinthegroup.4.2.3HistoricalbackgroundThegreatestConfucianscholarDongZhongshuand3cardinalguidesand5constantvirtuesTheshareofknowledgeandpracticeTheunityofHeavenandmanThe
6、samelevelwithoutprominence4.3Practice:10.（卢嘉川）“但是，你这些想法和做法，恐怕还是为了你个人吧？”道静蓦地站了起来：“你说我是个人主义者？”（杨沫：《青春之歌》）11.“这断子绝孙的阿Q！”远远地听到小尼姑的带哭的声音。（鲁迅：《阿Q正传》）12.“Iknow.Dad,”shesaid,“I’maselfishpig.I’llthinkaboutit…”(J.Galsworthy:AModernComedy)13.宝钗独自行来,顺路进了怡红院……不想一入院来,鸦雀无闻。10.(LuJiach
7、uan)“Areyousureyourthoughtsandwishesaren’tdeterminedbypersonalconsiderations?”heasked.Daojingsprangtoherfeet.“DoyoumeanthatI’manegoist?”11.“AhQ,mayyoudiesonless!”soundedthelittlenun’svoicetearfullyinthedistance.(杨宪益、戴乃迭)12.A）“我知道，爹，”她说，“我是头自私自利的猪。我会考虑这个问题的。……”（汪倜然译《白猿》）
8、B）“我知道，爸爸，”她说，“我是个自私自利的蠢人。我会考虑这件事的。……”（陈冠商译《白猿》）13.A)Bao-chai’sroutetookherpasttheHouseofGreenDelight…Thecourt
