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1、ChapteroneGovernmentandPublicFinanceinthesocialistmarketeconomyPurposeandRequestsThischapterregardsoperationofmarketeconomyasthestartingpointandexplainstherelationshipamongthemarket,thegovernmentandpublicfinance,especiallycarriesonsystematicanalysistogeneralfinancial
2、elementsandoperationcharacteristicsofthepublicfinancialmode.Afterstudyingthischapter,studentsshouldbeabletograspthebasicconceptionofthepublicfinanceandtheinnerlinkamongpublicfinance,marketfailuresandthefunctionofthegovernmentandhaveanideaaboutthesituationofthehotdisc
3、ussiononpublicfinanceinourcountry.Section1ThegovernmentandthemarketThispartconsistsoftheefficiencyofresourceallocationbymarket,marketfailure,publicgoodsandmonopolyinmarket.ⅠTheefficiencyofresourceallocationbymarketUnderthecompletecompetitivemarket,theproducersandcons
4、umersbasedontheirowninterestsandrationalbehaviors,connectandinteractwitheachother,promotingtheallocationofsocialresourcestoreachtheoptimumstate,namely:ParetoEfficiency.ⅡMarketfailureHowever,theconditionsofthecompletecompetitivemarketareverydifficulttoreachinpractice.
5、Themarketmechanismhasitsone'sowndefectsthatcan'tbeovercome.Theyare:Externalities--Acertainindividualunitdoesnotbearthecorrespondingcostexpensesorsharetheadvantagesfromthebehaviors,whichexertfavorableorunfavorableinfluenceonotherindividualunitsineconomicactivities.Pub
6、licgoods—goodsorservicehavingthenatureofpublicconsumptionanddoingbenefitstothepublics.Monopolyinmarket--Whenthescaleofonetradereachestherelativelyhighscale,thescaleincomewillincreaseprogressivelyandthecostwilldecreaseprogressively,whichcausesthemonopoly.Incompletemar
7、ket--Inrealisticmarketsystem,somelinkshaveobviousincompletecharacteristics.Forexample:Insurancemarket,capitalmarket,andcomplementarymarket.Incompleteinformation--Inreality,thoughtheproducersandconsumerscangettheinformationtheyneededtoacertainextent,theyareunabletoget
8、thetotallyenoughinformation.And,theacquisitionoflotsofinformationwillcostthemalot.Forlackoftheinformation,theefficiencyofresourcesa