动词不规则变化.doc

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1、英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加-ed构成,而不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析,就可发现其中也是有规律可寻的。【AAA型】原形、过去式、过去分词三者完全一样。其特点为原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同,结尾字母一般是-t或-d。如:cut-cut-cut    hit-hit-hit     hurt-hurt-hurtcost-cost-cost  put-put-put   let-let-letshut-shut-shut      set-set-set注意:

2、动词read的过去式和过去分词的词形也与原形一致,但发音却不同,分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。【ABB型】过去式与过去分词相同,但它们与原形不同。1.把单词结尾的字母-d改为-t。如:lend-lent-lent   spend-spent-spentsend-sent-sent   build-built-built2.过去式与过去分词在原形后加-t。如:burn-burnt-burnt   learn-learnt-learntmean-meant-meant  dream-dreamt-dreamt注意:burn,learn,dream的过去式和过去分词也

3、可以在原形词尾加-ed。3.过去式与过去分词在原形后加-d。如:hear-heard-heard    lie-lied-lied(撒谎)4.改变单词中间的元音字母。如:sit-sat-sat win-won-won  shine-shone-shone hold-held-held    get-got-got     sell-sold-soldstick-stuck-stuck stand-stood-stood5.过去式和过去分词都以-aught或-ought结尾。如:buy-bought-bought   fight-fought-foughtthink-thoug

4、ht-thought teach-taught-taughtcatch-caught-caught   bring-brought-brought6.某些以-ay结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-ay变成-aid。如:say-said-said  pay-paid-paid  lay-laid-laid7.某些以-eep结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-eep改为-ept。如:keep-kept-kept  sleep-slept-lept8.某些以-ell结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-ell改为?-elt,或在原形后加-ed。如:spell-spelt-spelt

5、    smell-smelt-smeltspell-spelled-spelled         smell-smelled-smelled9.另外还有一些其它的不规则变化。如:have-had-had   find-found-foundleave-left-left   lose-lost-lostfeel-felt-felt    make-made-mademeet-met-met   tell-told-toldshoot-shot-shot   understand-understood-understood【ABA型】过去分词与原形相同,过去式与原形不同。如

6、:become-became-become come-came-come run-ran-run【ABC型】原形、过去式、过去分词均不相同。1.过去式是把原形中的-i改为-a,而过去分词是改为-u。如:sing-sang-sung        begin-began-begunswim-swam-swum  ring-rang-rungdrink-drank-drunk2.过去式是把原形中的-o改为-e,而过去分词是在原形词尾加-n。如:grow-grew-grown   throw-threw-thrownknow-knew-known   blow-blew-blown

7、3.有些动词的过去式不同,而过去分词都是在原形词尾加-n或-en构成。如:rise-rose-risen    give-gave-givendraw-drew-drawn    eat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallen   take-took-takendrive-drove-driven4.原形、过去式和过去分词都各不相同,无规律可循。如:be-waswere-been     go-went-gonedo-did-done    break-broke-brokenwake-wo