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时间:2020-04-01
《高一英语Book 2 语法复习人教实验版知识精讲.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、高一英语Book2语法复习人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容:Book2语法复习[学习内容]一、被动语态小结:(一)何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要如:Paperismadefromwood.Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时如:Calculatorcan'tbeusedinthemathsexam.Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn'tbetakenaway.Hewasaward
2、edfirstprizeinthatcontest.3.为了使语气婉转,避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态,或由于修饰的需要,使用被动语态,以使句子得到更好的安排。如:Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.(二)被动语态的构成1.be+done可以是被动语态,也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中,done可以带by短语,而系表结构中done相当于adj.不带by短语。如:Thequestionissettled.(系表
3、结构)Suchquestionsaresettledbyus.(被动语态)Thecompositioniswellwritten.(系表结构)Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare.(被动语态)Thejobwaswelldone.(系表结构)Thejobwaswelldonebyaskilledworker.(被动语态)2.许多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by,通常是被动语态。如:Iwasworriedabouty
4、ouallnight.(表状态)Iwasworriedbymosquitoesallnight.(表动作)TheglasswasbrokenbyJack.(表动作)Theglassisbroken.(表状态)Iwasfrightenedbyhisghoststory.Shewasfrightenedatthesightofasnake.(三)不同形式的被动语态1.含有直宾和间宾的主动结构,变为被动时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动。一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。如:Heshowedmehispictures.用心爱心专心Iwasshownh
5、ispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Auntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.Hesentmeabirthdaypresent.Iwassentabirthdaypresentbyhim.Abirthdaypresentwassenttomebyhim.2.含有复合宾语的主动句,宾补不变。(1)将宾语变为主语,宾补不变。如:TheycallherXiaoli.SheiscalledXiaoli.Hel
6、eftthedooropen.Thedoorwasleftopenbyhim.(2)make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.Help等动词后作宾补的不定式一般不加to,变为被动,必须加to.如:MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.Shewasheardtomoveabou
7、tinherroomupstairslastnight.DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?3.情态动词的被动语态是由情态v.+be+p.p.构成如:Theycannotfindhim.Hecannotbefound.Youmustpaymeforthis.Imustbepaidforthis.Hecanrepairyourwatch.Yourwatchcanberepaired.4.短语的被动语态一般来讲,只有及物才有被动语态,因为只有vt.才能有动作的承受者
8、;但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词,相当于及物动
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