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1、应用生态学报2010年2月第21卷第2期ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,Feb.2010,21(2):279-286不同地表覆盖方式对苹果园土壤性状*及果树生长和产量的影响11,2**1,21张义谢永生郝明德摄晓燕12(西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100;中国科学院/水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100)摘要以黄土高原9年生红富士果园生态系统为对象,研究不同地表覆盖模式(清耕、生草覆盖、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和砂石覆盖)对果园土壤性状及果树生长和产量的影响.结果表明:生草覆盖土壤水分剖面分异最低,砂石覆盖
2、土壤水分剖面分异最高;砂石覆盖提高了根层水分含量,有利于果树对水分的利用.不同地表覆盖模式土壤热量状况变化显著,处理间差异明显,极端最高温度下降,但地膜覆盖处理夏季地温超过果树根系生长的上限温度,对果树根系生长和生理功能发挥不利.除地膜覆盖外,其他地表覆盖模式均能提高土壤CO2释放速率,其中生草覆盖的效果最为显著.不同地表覆盖模式对果树枝条类型比例及产量影响较大,砂石覆盖处理的中短枝比例和果实产量最高;生草覆盖处理的果实产量最低.因子分析结果表明,对于黄土高原沟壑区盛果期果园,砂石覆盖处理是较为适宜的地表覆盖模式.关键词果园生态系统土壤管理土壤水分地温
3、土壤呼吸文章编号1001-9332(2010)02-0279-08中图分类号S152,S154文献标识码AEffectsofdifferentpatternssurfacemulchingonsoilpropertiesandfruittreesgrowthand11,21,21yieldinanappleorchard.ZHANGYi,XIEYong-sheng,HAOMing-de,SHEXiao-yan1(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentScience,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling
4、712100,2Shaanxi,China;InstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,ChineseAcademyofSciences&MinistryofWaterResources,Yangling712100,Shaanxi,China).-Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2010,21(2):279-286.Abstract:Takinganine-year-oldFujiappleorchardinLoessPlateauastestobjec,tthispaperstudiedtheeffectsofdif
5、ferentpatternssurfacemulching(cleantillage,grasscover,plasticfilmmulch,strawmulch,andgravelmulch)onthesoilpropertiesandfruittreesgrowthandyieldinthisorchard.Grasscoverinducedthelowestdifferentiationofsoilmoistureprofile,whilegravelmulchinducedthehighestone.Intreatmentgravelmulch
6、,thesoilmoisturecontentinappletreesrootzonewasthehighes,twhichmeantthattherewasmorewateravailabletoappletrees.Surfacemulchinghadsignificanteffectsonsoiltemperature,andgenerallyresultedinadecreaseinthemaximumsoiltemperature.Theexceptionwastreatmentplasticfilmmulch,inwhich,thesoil
7、tem-peratureinsummerexceededthemaximumallowabletemperatureforcontinuousrootgrowthandphysiologicalfunction.Withtheexceptionoftreatmentplasticfilmmulch,surfacemulchingin-creasedthesoilCO2flux,whichwasthehighestintreatmentgrasscover.Surfacemulchingalsoa-ffectedtheproportionofvariou
8、sbranchtypesandfruityield.Theproportionofmedium
