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1、ESSENTIALIDIOMSINENGLISHbyROBERTJ.DIXSONFOREWORDIdiomaticexpressionshavelongplayedanimportantroleintheEnglishlanguage.Infact,theuseofidiomsissowidespreadthatanunderstandingoftheseexpressionsisessentialtosuccessfulcommunication,whetherinlistening,speaking,reading,orwriting.Thestu
2、dentmaylearngrammarand,withtime,acquireadequatevocabulary,butwithoutaworkingknowledgeofsuchidiomsasaboveall,togetalong,onthewhole,tolookup,etc.,eventhebeststudent'sspeechwillremainawkwardandordinary.Ofcourse,theidiomsselectedforstudyshouldhavepracticalvalueandbewithinthestudent'
3、sabilitytocomprehend.Suchexpressionsastosettheworldonfireortowashone'sdirtylaundryinpublicmaybeverycolorful,buttheydolittletohelpthestudentachievefluencyinEnglish.TeachersofEnglishhavelongrecognizedthatidiomaticexpressionsaddgraceandexactnesstothelanguage.Thealertteacherwillmake
4、theirstudyanintegralpartoftheteachingprocess.However,learningsuchexpressionsisneveraneasytaskforthestudentlearningEnglishasasecondorforeignlanguage.Attemptstotranslateliterallyfromthestudent'snativetongueusuallyleadtoroundaboutexpressionofmeaningand,moreoften,toconfusion.Forthis
5、reason,onlybasicidiomshavebeenincludedinthisbook,appropriatelynamedEssentialIdiomsinEnglish,NewEdition.Furthermore,itwasdecidednottoburdenthestudentwithdiscussionoftheoriginsofidioms.Thereisnoneedtodefinetheexactnatureofanidiomexcepttoassumethatitisaphrasethathasameaningdifferen
6、tfromthemeaningsofitsindividualparts.Thishelpstoexplainwhyitisoftendifficulttotranslateanidiomfromonelanguagetoanotherwithoutincurringsomechangeinmeaningorusage.Forthepurposesofthisbook,two-wordverbsareincludedinthegeneralcategoryofidioms.Atwo-wordverbisaverbwhosemeaningisaltere
7、dbyheadditionofaparticle(aprepositionusedwithaverbtoformanidiomaticexpression.)tolook,forexample,maybecometolookuportolookover,eachhavingitsownspecialmeaning.Whenatwo-wordverbcanbeseparatedbyanounorpronoun,thesymbol(S)forseparableisinsertedinthedefinition.Sentencesillustratingbo
8、thseparableandnonseparableformsareincludedinthe
