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1、ESSENTIALIDIOMSINENGLISHbyROBERTJ.DIXSONFOREWORDIdiomaticexpressionshavelongplayedanimportantroleintheEnglishlanguage.Infact,theuseofidiomsissowidespreadthatanunderstandingoftheseexpressionsisessentialtosuccessfulcommunication,whetherinlistening,speaking,reading,orwriting.Thestudentmaylearngramm
2、arand,withtime,acquireadequatevocabulary,butwithoutaworkingknowledgeofsuchidiomsasaboveall,togetalong,onthewhole,tolookup,etc.,eventhebeststudent'sspeechwillremainawkwardandordinary.Ofcourse,theidiomsselectedforstudyshouldhavepracticalvalueandbewithinthestudent'sabilitytocomprehend.Suchexpressio
3、nsastosettheworldonfireortowashone'sdirtylaundryinpublicmaybeverycolorful,buttheydolittletohelpthestudentachievefluencyinEnglish.TeachersofEnglishhavelongrecognizedthatidiomaticexpressionsaddgraceandexactnesstothelanguage.Thealertteacherwillmaketheirstudyanintegralpartoftheteachingprocess.Howeve
4、r,learningsuchexpressionsisneveraneasytaskforthestudentlearningEnglishasasecondorforeignlanguage.Attemptstotranslateliterallyfromthestudent'snativetongueusuallyleadtoroundaboutexpressionofmeaningand,moreoften,toconfusion.Forthisreason,onlybasicidiomshavebeenincludedinthisbook,appropriatelynamedE
5、ssentialIdiomsinEnglish,NewEdition.Furthermore,itwasdecidednottoburdenthestudentwithdiscussionoftheoriginsofidioms.Thereisnoneedtodefinetheexactnatureofanidiomexcepttoassumethatitisaphrasethathasameaningdifferentfromthemeaningsofitsindividualparts.Thishelpstoexplainwhyitisoftendifficulttotransla
6、teanidiomfromonelanguagetoanotherwithoutincurringsomechangeinmeaningorusage.Forthepurposesofthisbook,two-wordverbsareincludedinthegeneralcategoryofidioms.Atwo-wordverbisaverbwhosemeaningisalteredbyheadditionofaparticle(aprepositionusedwithaverbtoformanidiomaticexpression.)tolook,forexample,maybe
7、cometolookuportolookover,eachhavingitsownspecialmeaning.Whenatwo-wordverbcanbeseparatedbyanounorpronoun,thesymbol(S)forseparableisinsertedinthedefinition.Sentencesillustratingbothseparableandnonseparableformsareincludedinthe
