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1、UnitOneTheAnglo-SaxonPeriodnI.HistoricalBackgroundnII.Anglo-SaxonPoetrynIII.Anglo-SaxonProseI.HistoricalBackgroundTheEnglishpeopleareacomplicatedrace.ThefirstinhabitantsoftheislandwerecommonlyknownastheCelts(orKelts).n55BCsawtheinvasionoftheislandheadedbyJuliusCaesar.Duringtheinvasionthes
2、eaborigines（土著人）CeltswithdrewtotheWelshandScottishmountainsandleftagreatpartofEnglandtotheRomans.nNotuntilthe5thcenturydidtheRomanswithdrew.EnglandhadbeenmadeaRomanProvincesince80AD.AstheRomanlegionswithdrew,theCeltscameback.nOriginallythenameAnglo-SaxondenotestwoofthethreeGermanic（日尔曼）tr
3、ibes---Angles,SaxonsandJutes--whointhemiddleofthe5thcenturylefttheirhomesontheshoresoftheNorthSeaandtheBaltic（波罗的海）toconquerandcolonizedistantBritain.TheylivedinthenortherntopofGermanyandthesouthernpartofDenmarkatthattime.nThehistoricaldatethatisworthmemorizingis449AD.nThesethreeinvadingt
4、ribescametosettledown:AnglesinthenorthofThames,JutesmainlyinthesouthwestcalledKent（英国东南部郡）,andSaxonsintheotherplaces.EnglishliteratureoriginatedintheAnglesandSaxonswhoformedaliterarytraditionoftheirown.nImportanthistoricalevents:1.Heptarchy（七王国）:nTheinformalconfederation（联邦）oftheAnglo-Sax
5、onkingdomsfromthefifthtotheninthcentury,consistingofKent,Sussex,Wessex,Essex,Northumbria,EastAnglia,andMercia.2.theVikingsinvasion:nVikings,collectivedesignationofNordic（北欧人）people—Danes,Swedes,Norwegians—whoexploredabroadduringaperiodofdynamicScandinavianexpansionfromaboutAD800to1100.nLa
6、ndshortage,improvedironproduction,andtheneedfornewmarketsprobablyallplayedapart69inVikingexpansion.3.KingAlfredtheGreat:nIn871,EthelredofWessexisdefeatedbyDanishforcesJanuary4atReading,gainsabrilliantvictory4dayslateratAshdown,isdefeatedJanuary22atBasing,triumphsagainMarch2atMartoninWilts
7、hire,butdiesinApril.nHisbrother,22,paystribute（贡物）totheDanesbutwillreignuntil899andbecalledAlfredtheGreat.4.Canute(994?-1035):nKingofEngland(1016-1035),Denmark(1018-1035),andNorway(1028-1035)whosereign,atfirstbrutal,waslatermarkedbywisdomandtemperance.nHeisthesubjec
