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1、ModernEnglishLexicologyLexicologygrammarpragmaticssemanticsphonologyHowwordsarearrangedtoformasentence.Meaningsofwordsandsentences.LanguagesoundsystemsSocialrulesinlanguageuse.UnitOne AGeneralSurveyofEnglishVocabularyOverviewoftheunit1.Thedefinitionofword2.Thedevelopmentof
2、EnglishvocabularyEnglishvocabularyviewedfromthehistoricalperspectiveTherapidgrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabulary3.ClassificationofEnglishwordsaccordingtodifferentcriteria4.OtherrelatedissuesWhatisaword?aminimumfreeform(Bloomfield,1933:177-178)theassociationofagivensensewit
3、hagivengroupofsoundscapableofagivengrammaticaluse(AntoineMeillet)oneofthefundamentalunitsofspeechandaminimumfreeform.Itisaunityofsoundandmeaning,capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunctionVocabularyvs.WordAllthewordsinalanguagetogetherconstitutewhatisknownasitsvocabulary.Vo
4、cabularyalsoconsistsofaswellthewordsandphrasesusedindialects,registersandterminology.TheDevelopmentofEnglishVocabularyThreehistoricalperiodsofthedevelopmentofEnglishvocabularyRapidgrowthofthevocabularyofthepresent-dayEnglishOldEnglish(450-1150)ThreeHistoricalPeriodsModernE
5、nglish(1500-present)MiddleEnglish(1150-1500)ThepronunciationofoldEnglishsomewhatdiffersfromthatofmodernEnglish.Itisahighlyinflectedlanguage(syntheticnotanalytic).-TheNormanConquestcausedthechangesintheEnglishlanguage.Englishhaschangedfromahighlyinflectedlanguagetoananalyti
6、clanguageintermsofgrammar.AlotofwordswereborrowedfromFrench(beef,pork,bacon,air,beauty,music,brown,painting,color,etc.).-emphasisonLatinandGreekasaresultoftherenaissance(1500-1700)AtimeofstabilizingandpurifyingEnglishlanguageAperiodofexpansionofEnglishvocabularyvowelsunder
7、gonechangesOLDEnglishModernEnglishstan?fot?fyr?representedthesoundofthbypandǾwip?Ǿa?thebasicelementsremainedmann(man),wif(wife),cild(child),hus(house),benc(bench),mete(meet,food)CategoryWordsLawandgovernmentaladministrationjudge,jury,justice,government,parliament,stateLite
8、raturechapter,poet,prose,rimeSciencemedicine,remedy,surgeonMilitaryaffairsconquer,sergean
