现代英语词汇学参考教学ppt课件.ppt

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1、LectureI:BasicConceptsofEnglishwordsLexicology:abranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestheoriginsandmeaningsofwordsEnglishlexicology:ItstudiesthemorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwords,theirformation,usages,relations,semanticstructureandhistoricaldevelopment.twomethodsofwordstudy

2、synchronic（共时的）wayanddiachronic（历时的）waySynchronically,wordsarestudiedatapointoftime,withoutconsideringthechangesofthewords.Diachronically,wordsarestudiedintermsoftheiroriginandchangesinformandmeaning.Basicconceptsofwordsdefinitionofaword:awordisaminimalfreeformofalangua

3、gethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.MeaningofawordtherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningTwoschools:Theyarenaturalistsandconventionalists.Thenaturalistsbelievethatthereisanintrinsic/anaturalconnection/correspondencebetweensoundandmeaning.theconventionalists

4、believethattherelationbetweensoundandmeaningisconventionalandarbitrary.languagefactshaveprovedthattheconventionalists’argumentisvalid.(1)Wordsthatconveythesamemeaninghavedifferentphonological/soundformsindifferentlanguages.(2)Andthesamephonologicalformsmayconveydifferen

5、tmeanings,conceptandmeaningAconceptisthebaseofthemeaningofaword.Itisanabstractionfromthingsofthesamekind.Awordactsasthesymbolforaconcept.3.classificationofwords3.1criteriaofclassification1.usefrequency:basicword&non-basicword2.notion:contentword&functionalword3.origin:n

6、ativeword&borrowedwordCharacteristicsofbasicwords1.allnationalcharacter2.stability3.productivity4.polysemy5.collocabilitynativewordsandborrowedwordsNativewords/Anglo-SaxonwordsbroughttoBritaininthe5thcenturybytheGermanictribes:theAngles,theSaxons,theJutes.Borrowedwords/

7、loanwords/borrowingsarewordstakenfromotherlanguages.Classificationofborrowings:1.bythedegreeofassimilation:denizensandaliens;2.bythemannerofborrowing:translationloansandsemanticloans.4.briefhistoryanddevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary(I)historyA:OldEnglishAnglo-Saxonnowi

8、sreferredtoasOldEnglish(450-1150).TheeventsinfluencingOldEnglishare:1).theintroductionofChristianity.2)theinva