欧洲钢铁业的困境.docx

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1、MANAGEMENTSUMMARYThefutureofsteelmaking/HowtheEuropeansteelindustrycanachievecarbonneutralityTheEuropeansteelmakingindustryemits4%oftheEU'stotalCO2emissions.Itisundergrowingpublic,economicandregulatorypressuretobecomecarbonneutralby2050,inlinewithEUtargets.Abo

2、ut60%ofEuropeansteelisproducedviatheso-calledprimaryroute,anefficientbuthighlycarbon-intensiveproductionmethod.Theindustryalreadyusescarbonmitigationtechniques,buttheseareinsufficienttosignificantlyreduceoreliminatecarbonemissions.Thedevelopmentandimplementati

3、onofnewtechnologiesisunderway.Withlimitedinvestmentcyclesleftuntilthe2050deadline,theEuropeansteelmakingindustrymustdecideonwhichnewtechnologytoinvestinwithinthenext5-10years.Weassessthemostpromisingemergingtechnologiesinthisreport.Theyfallintotwomaincategorie

4、s:carboncapture,useand/orstorage(CCUS),andalternativereductionofironore.CCUSprocessescanbereadilyintegratedintoexistingsteelplants,butcannotaloneachievecarbonneutrality.Ifbiomassisusedinplaceoffossilfuelsinthesteelmakingprocess,CCUScanresultinanegativecarbonba

5、lance.Alternativereductiontechnologiesincludehydrogen-baseddirectreductionprocessesandelectrolyticreductionmethods.Mostarenotwelldevelopedandrequirehugeamountsofgreenenergy,buttheyholdthepromiseofcarbon-neutralsteelmaking.Onealternativereductionprocess,H2-base

6、dshaftfurnacedirectreduction,offersparticularpromiseduetoitsemissions-reductionpotentialandstateofreadiness.Itisthetechnologythatweenvisagesteelmakerswillpursueinordertoachievecarbonneutrality.H2-basedshaftfurnacedirectreductionisreadytouseandcanbeintroducedst

7、ep-by-stepintobrownfieldplants.Thisensuresoperationalcontinuityandreducedemissionsduringthetransitionfromconventionalsteelmakingmethods.AfulltransitionisonlyachievablethroughhighCAPEXandaplentifulsupplyofgreenelectricity.Toswitchtheapproximately30milliontonspe

8、rannumofsteelproducedviatheprimaryrouteinGermanytoH2-basedshaftfurnacedirectreductionwouldrequireestimatedcapitalexpenditureofaboutEUR30bnatcurrentprices.Inaddition,electricityprod