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1、第五章：WordMeaningThemeaningsof‘Meaning’指的是哪三个层次的内容?意义中的含义的三个层次的划分:Whatarethemeaningsof‘Meaning’?1)Reference(有reference的词必然具有sense,也必然具有Concept)2)Concept(能够形成Concept的词必然有reference)3)Sense(有sense的词未必具有concept,也未必具有reference)(Conjunction,prepositions,adverbs,它们都是具有sense的词,但是未必具有reference,也
2、未必具有concept,例如：if,but,probably:它们有sense,但没有concept)Whatistherelationshipbetweenthereferenceandthethingoutsidethelanguage?（等同于：Whatisrelationshipbetweensoundandform）答:Arbitraryandconventional名词解释:reference名词Concept:1.Meaningandconceptarecloselyconnectedbutnotidentical.Theyarebothrelate
3、ddirectlytoreferentsandarenotionsofthewordsbutbelongtodifferentcategories.2.Concept,whichisbeyondlanguage,istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.3.Conceptisuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageandsoon.4.aconceptcanhaveasmanyreferringexp
4、ressionsastherearelanguagesintheworld.重点:sense的名词解释：Sense:1.‘sense’denotestherelationshipsinsidethelanguage.‘Thesenseofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemofsemanticrelationshipswithotherexpressionsinthelanguage.’2.Sincethesenseofanexpressionisnotathing,itisoftendifficulttosaywhatsortofide
5、ntityitis.Itisalsoanabstraction.*3.Everywordthathasmeaninghassense(noteverywordhasreference)重点：Whatarethetypeofmotivation？1)Onomatopoeicmotivation2)MorphologicalMotivation3)SemanticMotivation4)EtymologicalMotivation填空:1.someofthewordswheneditedwithprefixesandsuffixes,itwillbecomeanoth
6、ernewword,eithernewinmeaningornewinsense,thismotivationiscalled(morphologicalmotivation)2.Compoundsaretotallydifferentinthemeaningbeforeitwascarriedoutwithdifferentelements,sothemeaningofacompoundcannotbededucedfromcomponentconstitutedthiscompound,thismotivationiscalled(morphologicalm
7、otivation)3.peninoldEnglish,referstothefeather,butwiththedevelopmentoftechnology,fountainwasinvented,butthenameofthismaterialwaskeptuptothisday,peoplestillusedthepentorefertowrittingtool,thismotivationiscalled(etymologicalmotivation)4.Conceptualmeaningalsoknowas(denotativemeaning)4.la
8、conic
