英语词汇学-考前押题串讲.doc

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1、Chapter1BasicConceptsofwordsandVocabulary1.1Whatisaword1.Awordcanbedefinedasameaningfulgroupofletters.2.Awordisviewedasasoundorcombinationofsounds.3.Accordingtosemanticists,awordisaunitofmeaning4.Grammarians,however,insistthatawordbeafreeformthatcanfunctioninasentence.1.2SoundandMean

2、ingWhat’stherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning?Thissymbolicconnectionisalmostalwaysarbitrary,andthereisnologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundandtheactualthingandideaitself.Adogiscalledadognotbecausethesoundandthethreelettersthatmakeupthewordjustautomaticallysuggesttheanimalinquestion.I

3、tisonlysymbolic.Therelationshipbetweenthemisconventional.1.3SoundandFormWiththedevelopmentofthelanguage,moreandmoreEnglishdifferencesoccurbetweenthesoundandform.TheinternalreasonforthisisthattheEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans,whichdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsound

4、inthelanguagesothatsomelettersmustdodoubledutyorworktogetherincombination;Anotherreasonisthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears,andinsomecasesthetwohavedrawnfarapart.Athirdreasonisthatsomeofthedifferenceswerecreatedbytheearlyscribes;Inthelate1500,printingbe

5、camewellestablished.Ithelpedtofreezethespellingofwords;Finallycomestheborrowing,whichisanimportantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvocabulary.ThewrittenformofEnglishisanimperfectrepresentationofthespokenform.1.4VocabularyTheterm“vocabulary”isusedindifferentsenses:1.Itcanrefertothetotalnum

6、berofthewordsinalanguage.2.Itcanstandforallthewordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.3.Itcanrefertoallthewordsofagivendialectandfield.Thegeneralestimateofthepresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisoveronemillionwords.1.5ClassificationofWordsWordsmayfallintothebasicwordstockandnon-basicvocabula

7、rybyusefrequency,intocontentwordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion,andintonativewordsandborrowedwordsbyorigin.1.1.1BasicwordstockandnonbasicvocabularyWhatarethemajordifferencesbetweenbasicwordstockandnonbasicvocabulary?1.Basicwordstockpossessesfiveobviouscharacteristics,butnonbasicvocabular

8、ydoesn’t;2.B