江苏省2012高考英语二轮复习 限时训练专题3 任务型阅读3.doc

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1、2012高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练（江苏专用）专题3任务型阅读3（25分钟）（A）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。Theworldwouldhavebeensomuchbetterifweallknewtosayanddotherightthingattherighttime.However,thatisnotthecase,especiallywhenitcomestoinstilling(逐步培养)properbehaviorinkids.Beha

2、viormodification(BM)techniqueswererecentlycreatedtohelpininstillingproperbehaviorinchildrenaswellasadults.Behaviormodificationreferstoestablishingappropreciatebehaviorsinindividualsanddiscouragingthosethatarenotdesirable.Behaviormodificationtechniquesaredevelopedlar

3、gelyaccordingtotheprinciplesofoperantconditioningbyB.F.Skinner,anAmericanbehaviorist.Thesetechniquesareusedinbehaviormodificationtherapythataimstocorrectandinstillappropreciatebehaviorinchildren.Themostcommonlyusedbehaviormodificationtechniquesarepositivereinforceme

4、nt,negativereinforcementandpunishment.Positivereinforcementreferstoreinforcingadesiredbehaviorthroughtheprocessofrewardingit.Thiscanbedonebypraisingtheindividualassoonasheperformsadesirablebehavior.Negativereinforcementbehavioralstrategiesarebasedontheremovalofanega

5、tiveconsequenceorabehaviorbecausethedesiredbehaviorwasperformed.Forexample,lettingachildnothelpinwashingdishesbecausehebehavedwellatafamilygatheringisaformofnegativereinforcement.Punishmentissomethingthatweallcanrelateto.Yes,itisjustwhatitmeans.However,whenputinword

6、s,punishmentreferstosubjecting(使服从于)anindividualtoanegativeconditionbecauseofaninappropriatebehavior.Thebehaviormodificationtechniquesforchildrenaremostlybasedonpositive5用心爱心专心andnegativereinforcement.However,parentsshouldrealizethatthesetechniquescan’tbereliedupont

7、otallyforchildbehaviormodification.Thoughthebehaviormodificationtechniquesleadtoquickresults,aparentshouldcontinuouslytrytocultivateinhischildtheabilitytoappreciatethereasonwhysuchabehaviorisexpectedofhim.Thiscanbedonethrougheffectivecommunicationandgreaterfocusonth

8、eparent-childrelationship.Asaparent,don’tmaketherewardamonetaryone.Trytomakeitlookmorelikeaprivilegethanareward.Aparentshouldalsobeconsist