非谓语动词 语法 讲解.ppt

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1、非谓语动词语法讲解I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：及物与不及物语态类别时态vt.vi.主动语态被动语态主动语态ing一般式:(与谓语动词同时发生)makingbeingmadegoing完成式:(先与谓语动词之前发生)havingmade(不作定语）havingbeenmade(不作定语）havinggone(不作定语）ed只有一般式:(不强调时间先后，只说明原因、条件等)×made(表被动）gone(表完成）inf一般式:(与谓语动词(几乎)同时发生)tomaketobemadetogo完成式:(先与谓语动词之前发生)tohavemadetohavebeenmadetoh

2、avegone进行式:(在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行)tobemaking×tobegoing2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份成份类别主语宾语表语定语宾补状语时间条件原因目的结果方式让步伴随不定式×××现在分词××××过去分词××××动名词××1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwe

3、nttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）1.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.4.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.5.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.6.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语）(作宾语）(作宾补）(作表语）(作定语）(作状语）1

4、.Thiscupisbroken.2.Thisisabrokencup.3.Ifoundthecupbroken.4.BrokenbyTom,thecupcan’tbeused.★过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.(作表语(作表语）(作宾语补足语）(作状语）3.分词的用法比较A.在时态上1.Chinaisadevelopingcountry=acountrywhichisdeveloping.2.Japanisadevelopedcountry=acountrywhichhasdeveloped.3.Ifoundhimgone.=thathehadgone.(表完成）ing分词表“进

5、行”ed分词表“完成”▲B.在语态上，ing分词表“主动”，ed分词表“被动”（多为及物动词）1.Isawhimwritingashortnovel.=thathewaswritingashortnovel.2.HewasreadinganovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.=whichwaswrittenbyCharlesDichens.▲在概念上，ing.表“抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体、偶然、将来”.*Swimming(抽象）ismyfavouritesportandIlikeswimming(习惯）everyday,butIdon’tliketosw

6、im(具体）today,Iwouldliketoswim(将来）tomorrow.▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能用作状语.Theplatformhavingbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.×1.Theplatformbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.√Theplatformwhichhasbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.√2.Havinggivenheropinionaboutthebuilding,sheleftthemeeting.Havingbeenusedforalongtime,

7、thecomputerneedsrepairing.作定语作状语D.▲ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Beinged+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Havingbeened+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替.1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread2.Beingusedbymenow,thebikecan’tbelen