英语（2所学语法包括.doc

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1、“英语（2）”所学语法包括：1．现在完成时和过去分词（第一、第二单元）2．现在完成进行时（第三单元）3．被动语态（第四、五单元）4．将来进行时（第七单元）5．将来完成时（第七单元）6．过去进行时（第八单元）7．过去将来时（第九单元）8．过去完成时（第九单元）9．间接引语（第十、十一单元）10．动词不定式（第十三、十四单元）11．名词性从句（第十五单元）12．状语从句（第十六单元）13．冠词（第十七单元）14．可数名词和不可数名词（第十七单元）UnitOneGrammar现在完成时Presentperfecttense用法：1.表经历或经验

2、，常用ever、never：Ihavenever/ever/beentoBeijing.havebeenhasbeenbeen---“be”的过去分词HehasgonetoChongqing.动作(Ididn’tseeBeijingwithmyowneyes.)IhaveevertraveledinBeijing.(IvisitedsomeoftheplacesinBeijing.)2.表最近发生的动作或状态：Thenewtermhasalreadybegun.begin/began/begunWeareinclassagain.Cf.T

3、henewtermbeganyesterday./lastweek./onFeb24.Ihavereadsomebooksduringthevacation./holidayCf.Ireadthenovellastweek.Ihaven’theardaboutityet.Cf.Ididn’thearaboutit.1.表刚刚发生过的动作或事情：Ihavejustcomehere.come/came/comeNowIamhere.Icamehereyesterday.Shehaswrittentwoletterstoday/thiseven

4、ing/thisweek…(Herearetwoletters.)(Sheisstillwritingletters.)Shewrotetwolettersthismorning.Ihavejustgotthebook.Get/got/gotIamstillreading./Ican’tlendyou.I’vegotabignose.She’sgotapairofbigeyes.(Ihavethebook.)2.表示过去发生，目前可能仍然在继续下去的动作或事情，常与since、for连用：duringduriationIhavetaugh

5、tatSCRTVUfor20years.Teach/taught/taughtIhavetaughtatTVUsince1983.Cf.IbeganteachingatSCRTVUin1983.Since/forprep.+n.=phraseSinceconj.Since+aclause=adverbiualclauseSincead.IhavetaughtatSCRTVUsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversityin1983.Forthelasttwoyearslastyear/week总结：现在完成时1.动作发生

6、在过去，对现在产生影响。I’vejustarrivedhere.(Iamhere.)2.动作发生在过去，并延续到现在。Wehavebeenhereattheuniversityforoneyear.WehavelearnedEnglishforseveralyears.Wearestilllearningit.Have/hasbeentoHave/hasgonetoIhavebeentoBeijing.ShehasgonetoBeijing.IhavelivedinChengdufor20years.IhavebeeninChengduf

7、or20years.Subject+have/has+过去分词(been/had/done)Subject+have/has+not+过去分词Have/Has+subject+过去分词Work---worked----workedArrive----arrived----arrivedStudy----studied----studiedStop-----stopped----stoppedDo----did---doneSee---saw----seenLose----lost-----lostFind---found----found

8、Go----went----goneSing----sang-----sungBe---was---were---beenHave/has----had----hadCome----came-