物流英语课件之：库存.ppt

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1、BasicInventoryTradeOffWhat’sinventory?InventoryclassificationsCostsassociatedwithinventoryCHAPTER4InventoryManagementKeyWordsworkinprocess(WIP)在制品库存,半成品maintenance/repair/operating(MRO）维修库存cycle(orbase)stock经常库存safety(orbuffer)stock安全库存in-transit(pipelin

2、e)stock在途库存speculativestock投机库存Deadstock呆滞存货Inventorycarrying(holding)costs库存持有成本obsolescence陈仓Stockout缺货JIT准时制VMI供应商管理库存BasicInventoryTradeOffLogisticsandFinanceInventoryincreasescostsanddecreasesROA(returnonassets)MarketingandOperationsInventoryincreasesre

3、sponsivenesstodemandandabilitytoachieveeconomiesofscaleVS.What’sinventory?Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.InventoryinmanufacturinganddistributionN

4、ormallyconsidered:rawmaterialspurchasedparts(components)workinprocess(WIP)finishedgoods(unsold,undelivered)maintenance/repair/operating(MRO）ALSOINCLUDE:goodsintransit(whenvolumeisconsiderableandtransporttimesislong).packaging,waste,recycledmaterials(whenitis

5、anintegratedpartofthemainbusiness,suchasreturnpaper,plasticsorbottles,wherevolumeisconsiderable)productsrejectedbythecustomerandreturnedtousforrepairorcompensation.InventoryclassificationsTypesofInventory/StockCyclestockIn-transitstockSafetyorbufferstock

6、SpeculativestockDeadstockTypesofInventory/StockCycle(base)stockreferstoinventorythatisneededtosatisfynormaldemandduringthecourseofanordercycle.Ifdemandandleadtimeisconstant,onlycyclestockisnecessary.Safety(buffer)stockreferstoinventorythatisheldinadditionto

7、cyclestocktoguardagainstuncertaintyindemandand/orleadtime.TransitstockReferstothegoodsonthewayfromonepointtoantherpoint.Ifthegoodscannotbesaleorbetransportedbeforetheyarrivedthedestination,wecanregardthosegoodsasapartofcyclestockSpeculativestockReferstoinven

8、toryheldforreasonsotherthansatisfyingcurrentdemand,oftenacquiredtoreacheconomiesofscaleortogenerateseasonalstock.DeadstockDeadstockincludesitemsforwhichnodemandhasbeenregisteredandmaybecomeobsol