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1、MarkTwain&“TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty”HistoricalBackground:theCivilWar(1861—1864):“TheindustrialNorthhadtriumphedovertheagrarianSouth,andfromthatvictorycameasocietybasedonmasslaborandmassconsumption.”“TheGildedAge”:“anageofextremes”—“ofdeclineandprogress,ofpovertyanddazzlingwealth
2、,ofgloomandbuoyanthope”.therailroad:Itchangedthewayinwhichpeoplelivedandworked.Realism:RealismoriginatedinFranceasreálisme.Itcalledfor“realityandtruth”inthedepictionofordinarylife.Somerepresentativesare:Zola,Flaubert,BalzacandDostoyevsky.AmericanRealism:LocalColorlocalcolor,“anamalgamofromanticp
3、lotsandrealisticdescriptionsofthingsimmediatelyobservable:thedialects,customs,sights,andsoundsofregionalAmerica”BretHarte,“TheOutcastsofPokerFlat”,“Tennessee’sPartner”HarrietBeecherStowe,UncleTom’sCabinMaryE.W.Freeman,“ANewEnglandNun”KateChopin,TheAwakeningMarkTwainDefinitionandfeatures:Realism:
4、“nothingmoreandnothinglessthanthetruthfultreatmentofmaterial.”(W.D.Howells)a.verisimilitudeofdetailsderivedfromobservationb.representativeinplot,settingandcharacterc.anobjectiveratherthananidealizedviewofhumanexperienceRepresentativewriters:WilliamDeanHowells(1837—1920),TheRiseofSilasLapham(1885
5、)andCriticismandFiction.HenryJames(1843—1916),DaisyMiller(1878),TheAmbassadors(1903),TheWingsoftheDove(1902)andTheArtofFiction.MarkTwain(1835—1910),TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876),TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884),LifeontheMississippi(1883).MarkTwainSamuelLanghorneClemens(1835—1910)MarkTwainwa
6、sagreatAmericanhumorist.Awhitelinensuitandacigarbecamehistrademarksinpublicappearances.MarkTwainpseudonymofSamuelLanghorneClemens(1835-1910),Americanwriterandhumorist,whosebestworkischaracterizedbybroad,oftenirreverenthumororbitingsocialsatire.Twain'swritingisalsoknownforrealismofplaceandlanguag
7、e,memorablecharacters,andhatredofhypocrisyandoppression.MarkTwain’sLife:Life1.MarkTwainisthepseudonymofSamuelLanghorneClemens.“MarkTwain”means“twofathom’sdepthofnavigablewater”.2.HelivedinatownnamedHannibalalongtheMississipp
