高考英语-定语从句讲解.docx

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1、§高中定语从句§限定性定语从句：：队先行词起修饰、限定作用非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，相当于一个并列句，用逗号把定语从句同先行词分开注：①：在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词which/as既可以代指前面的先行词，又可以代指前面的整个句子。예:Hetoldmethenews,whichIhaveknown.Hewasillinbed,whichwaskonwnbyus.②：非限定性定语从句中，如果由as引导，既可以把定从放后（主句），又可放前。예:Aswasknownbyus,hewasillinbed.Itwasknownbyu

2、sthathewasillinbed.③：as在从句中出现时，从句常用被动结构。예:Hepassedtheexam,asisexpected.④：as引导非限定从，仍然保持它的意义。⑤：如果非限定从是否定句，常用which引导。예:MyteacherusuallypraiseshiminpublicswhichIdon’tlike.⑥：在非限定性定语从句中，所有限定性关系词都可以用。除that关系代词which：代物、事。能做主语、宾语that：代人、代物能做主语、宾语who：代人，做主语/whom：代人，做宾语whose：作定语，表所属

3、关系as：thesame…as…同类异物/thesame…that…同类同物예:Ihaveabookwhosecoverisgreen.=Ihaveabookthecoverofwhichisgreen.关系副词（代指先行词在从句中作状语）when:where:why:예:Ican’tforgetthedaythat/which/×wespendtogether.whenwestudiedhard.限定性定语从句（KeyPoint）：⑴：当先行词是不定代词时(all、much、little、something、anything、every

4、thing、nothing、theone、none、noone…)，只用that不用which예:Youshouldhandinallthat/×youhavefinished.⑵:当先行词被不定代词修饰时，只用that不用which예:Youshouldhandinallyourworkthat/×youhavefinished.⑶：当先行词前有any、few、only、little、no修饰，只用that不用which예:Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.⑷：当先行词被theon

5、ly、thevery、thelast、thesame修饰，只用that不用which예:Thisistheverybookthat/×Iwannabuy.⑸：先行词被the+序数词/最高级修饰时，只用that不用which⑹：先行词既有人(who/whom/that)又有物(which/that)，取“交集”，只能用that⑺：当主语的主语是疑问词who或which的时候只用that예:Whichisthebikethat/×youpaid500Yuanfor?Whoistheladythatwonthegoldmedal?⑻：当先行词在

6、主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that예:Shanghaiisnolongerthesmallcitythatitisusedtobe.⑼：“oneof+名词复数”做先行词时，定语从句中谓语用复数。“theonlyoneof+名词复数”做先行词时，定语从句中谓语用单数。⑽：theway做先行词时，无论在从句中做主宾还是状语，关系词都用that/inwhich/×예:Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/×hetalkedwithhismother.⑾：It/Thisiswas+the+序数词+time

7、+thathavedonehaddone…⑿：当先行词为situation、condition(条件)、occassion(场合)、case(案件)、point、stage(阶段)、activity做先行词时用where引导定语从句。예:Wehavetofacethesituationwherenoonecanliveahappierlife.⒀：介词+关系代词=关系副词介词+which=wherewhenwhy介词+wherewhenwhy（为了表达更明确）通常情况下只记fromwhere예:Thisisthemountain,from

8、thepeakofthemountainIcanseethewholecity.Thisisthemountainfrom(thepeakof)whichIcanseethewholecity