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1、句子成分分析Iloveyou.（主谓宾）MrWang,myHistoryteacheratuniversity,is主同位语谓alearnedman.表（定语）Iheardhimsinginthenextroomlastnight.主谓宾补地点状语时间状语从句分类名词性从句（nominalclauses):主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句定语从句/关系从句（attributiveclauses/relativeclauses）:限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句状语从句（adverbialclauses):时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，方式，条件，让步，比较Wha
2、thedoescontradictswhathesays.Thefactisthatyouarelying.Thenewsthatourteamgotthechampionexcitedeveryonepresent.状语从句联系词when/while/as/assoonas…where/wherever…because/since/for…sothat/inorderthat…so…that…/such…that…asif/asthoughif/incasethat/lest/aslongas…though/although/evenif/eventhough……th
3、an…LanguageStructuresLookupthewordinadictionarythatgivesdefinitionsinEnglish.(Therelativeclauseintroducedbythatasthesubject，that引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的主语)Haveyoureadallthebooksthatyouborrowedfromme?(Therelativeclauseintroducedbythatastheobject，that引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的宾语）I’dliketoseethegentlemanwhoc
4、amefromGermanyyesterday.(Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhoasthesubject，who引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的主语）What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwho/mheintroducedtouslastweek?(Therelativeclauseintroducedbywho/mastheobject，who/m引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的宾语。)在关系从句中，如果先行词是“人”，则引导词为who（作从句主语或宾语），whom（作从句宾语），或that（作从句主语或宾语）。要注意的
5、是，虽然who比whom的用处更广泛，但如果引导词前是一个介词，则引导词必须为whom，如：Sheistheteacherwho/whomwetalkedabout.Sheistheteacheraboutwhomwetalked.在关系从句中，如果先行词是“物”，则引导词为that或which，两者均可作从句的主语或宾语。它们的区别在于：（1）如果先行词有all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,none,little等不定代词，则只能用that，不能用which；e.g.Ihavereadallthemagazin
6、esthatIboughtlastweek.（2）如果先行词被形容词最高级或first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰，则只能用that，不能用which；e.g.ItisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.（3）在介词后的引导词只能用which，不能用that；e.g.Justchoosethesubjectinwhichyouaremostinterested.（4）在非限制性关系从句中，只能用which为引导词，不能用that。e.g.Theriver,whichflowsthr
7、oughLondon,iscalledtheThames.12October1492wastheday__________ColumbuslandedinAmerica.Akitchenetteisasmallroom_________peoplecooktheirmeals.Isthatthereason__________wehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?12October1492wasthedaywhen/onwhichColumbuslandedinAmerica.Akitchenetteisasma
