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1、暑期原汁原味赏析报刊特训专辑ScientificAmerican:Nature'sGoodsandServicesGetPriced经济衡量新指标(GEP)关注经济的可持续发展课前导读:在发展经济的过程中,我们无意识地破坏了自然的某些部分,那是一些对人类的福祉也很重要的部分。明尼苏达大学环境经济学家斯蒂芬.波拉斯基和他的同事们创造了一种新的测量方法:生态系统生产总值(GEP)。Grossdomesticproduct,theGDP,isasimplewaytodescribethehealthofbig,complicatedeconomies.Andfo
2、rthelastcentury,thegoalofmanycountrieshasbeentomaketheirGDPgoup.ButconcentratingonlyonGDPhashadsomedownsides.“”Ingrowingtheeconomy,wehave,asanunintendedconsequence,destroyedpartsofnature,whicharealsoimportantforourwell-being."saidStephenPolasky,anenvironmentaleconomistattheUnivers
3、ityofMinnesota.Heandhiscolleagueshavecreatedanewmeasurement:thegrossecosystemproduct,orGEP."Sothatweactuallyhavemetricsthatsayhowarewedoingonecosystemsmanagement,managingnature—andnotjustfornature'ssakebuthowisthatcomingbackandinfluencingourownwell-being?Soreally,GEPistryingtosay,
4、Whatisthecontributionofnaturetotheeconomy?SoinaparallelwaytowhatGDPdoesinmeasuringeconomicperformance."Evaluatinguptheeconomicvalueoftimberandfisheriesisfairlystraightforward.Butotherbenefitsofahealthyenvironmentcanbelessobvious.Insectspollinatecrops.Intactriversimprovewaterqualit
5、yandbufferdownstreamcitiesfromfloods.Thrivingecosystemsdrawtourists,whospendmoney."Andpartoftheissuehereisthatitisdifficulttopricesomeofthesethings.Somepeopleevensay,Well,theyarepriceless.Unfortunately,whatitmeansinZerovalueintheGDPbutnotintheGEP.Forexample,Polaskyandhiscolleagues
6、calculatedthefigureforQinghai,aprovinceinwesternChina.TheyfoundthatthegrossecosystemproductexceededGDPintheyear2000andequaledthreequartersofGDPin2015.Overthatperiod,GEProseby127percent,thankstomajorrestorationeffortsandtheincreasingvalueofwater.TheresultsareintheProceedingsoftheNa
7、tionalAcademyofScience.TheresearchersfocusedonQinghaibecauseit'soneofseveralprovinceswheretheChinesegovernmentisexperimentingwithusingGEPaspartofitsformaldecision-makingprocess.Forinstance,GEPcanhelpofficialsweightheprosandconsofpotentialprojectslikedams.Oritcanbeusedtoshowwhether
8、localleadersaretakingcareoftheenv