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1、暑期原汁原味赏析报刊特训专辑ScientificAmerican：Nature'sGoodsandServicesGetPriced经济衡量新指标（GEP）关注经济的可持续发展课前导读：在发展经济的过程中，我们无意识地破坏了自然的某些部分，那是一些对人类的福祉也很重要的部分。明尼苏达大学环境经济学家斯蒂芬.波拉斯基和他的同事们创造了一种新的测量方法：生态系统生产总值（GEP）。Grossdomesticproduct,theGDP,isasimplewaytodescribethehealthofbig,complica
2、tedeconomies.Andforthelastcentury,thegoalofmanycountrieshasbeentomaketheirGDPgoup.ButconcentratingonlyonGDPhashadsomedownsides.“”Ingrowingtheeconomy,wehave,asanunintendedconsequence,destroyedpartsofnature,whicharealsoimportantforourwell-being."saidStephenPolasky,
3、anenvironmentaleconomistattheUniversityofMinnesota.Heandhiscolleagueshavecreatedanewmeasurement:thegrossecosystemproduct,orGEP."Sothatweactuallyhavemetricsthatsayhowarewedoingonecosystemsmanagement,managingnature—andnotjustfornature'ssakebuthowisthatcomingbackand
4、influencingourownwell-being?Soreally,GEPistryingtosay,Whatisthecontributionofnaturetotheeconomy?SoinaparallelwaytowhatGDPdoesinmeasuringeconomicperformance."Evaluatinguptheeconomicvalueoftimberandfisheriesisfairlystraightforward.Butotherbenefitsofahealthyenvironm
5、entcanbelessobvious.Insectspollinatecrops.Intactriversimprovewaterqualityandbufferdownstreamcitiesfromfloods.Thrivingecosystemsdrawtourists,whospendmoney."Andpartoftheissuehereisthatitisdifficulttopricesomeofthesethings.Somepeopleevensay,Well,theyarepriceless.Unf
6、ortunately,whatitmeansinZerovalueintheGDPbutnotintheGEP.Forexample,PolaskyandhiscolleaguescalculatedthefigureforQinghai,aprovinceinwesternChina.TheyfoundthatthegrossecosystemproductexceededGDPintheyear2000andequaledthreequartersofGDPin2015.Overthatperiod,GEProseb
7、y127percent,thankstomajorrestorationeffortsandtheincreasingvalueofwater.TheresultsareintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofScience.TheresearchersfocusedonQinghaibecauseit'soneofseveralprovinceswheretheChinesegovernmentisexperimentingwithusingGEPaspartofitsformald
8、ecision-makingprocess.Forinstance,GEPcanhelpofficialsweightheprosandconsofpotentialprojectslikedams.Oritcanbeusedtoshowwhetherlocalleadersaretakingcareoftheenv
