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1、跨文化交际Hall’s-Culture-Context-ModelHigh-contextmuchinformationisimliedincluesthesituationorsurroundingcircumstances,relationshipsofthecommunicators,theirfamilybackground,title,age,sex,education,status,socialnetworkslittleprovidedintheverbalmessageitselfLow-contextthemajorityoftheinforma
2、tioniscontainedintheverbalcodethemessageisstatedclearlyandexplicitlywithoutdependingonthecontextofthecommunicationCommunicationStylesBackgroundinformationFaceConcernsNonverbalcodes(不用语言的)Mostoftheinformationiseitherinthephysicalcontextorinitializedintheperson.Themassofinformationisves
3、tedintheexplicitcode.Dense,intersectingnetworks,long-termrelationships,strongboundaries,relationshipmoreimportantthantask.Loose,widenetworks,shorterterm,compartmentalizedrelationships,taskmoreimportantthanrelationship.High-contextcultureLow-contextcultureVSTheStructureofRelationshipsV
4、SImplicit,complicatedpatterns,hardtoexplainExplicit,consciouslyorganizedMainTypeofCulturalKnowledgeRelationshipsdependontrust,buildupslowly,andarestable.Relationshipsbeginandendquickly.Manypeoplecanbeinsideone'scircle;circle'sboundaryisnotclear.Thingsgetdonebyrelationshipswithpeoplean
5、dattentiontogroupprocess.Thingsgetdonebyfollowingproceduresandpayingattentiontothegoal.One'sidentityisrootedingroups(family,culture,work).One'sidentityisrootedinoneselfandone'saccomplishments.Socialstructureisdecentralized(分散)ownHighuseofnonverbalelements;voicetone,facialexpression,ge
6、stures,andeyemovementcarrysignificantpartsofconversation.Messageiscarriedmorebywordsthanbynonverbalmeans.Verbalmessageisindirect;onetalksaroundthepoint.Verbalmessageisdirect;onespellsthingsoutexactly.Communicationisseenasawayofexchanginginformation,ideas,andopinions.Communicationissee
7、nasanartform-awayofengagingsomeone.Disagreementispersonalized(个人化).(Oneissensitivetoconflictwithanother.Conflictmustbesolvedoravoidedbeforework.)Disagreementisdepersonalized.(Onewithdrawsfromconflictwithanotherandgetsonwiththetask.Focusisonrationalsolutions,notpersonalones.)In-groupsa
8、ndOut