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1、ContemporaryCollegeEnglishIntermediateWriting,BookTwoUnitThree:PopIconsandHeroesMaintasksTolearn1)howtosupportyouclaiminanargumentativeessay2)theuseoflanguage(conciseness)I.Revision:Argumentation1.Essentialelementsofargumentation1)Theissue2)Theclaim3)Thesupporttypesofsupport–reason
2、s,evidence,emotionalappeal)4)RefutationTheclaiminanargumentativeessay1)Itisthepointofviewtheauthortriestoproveabouttheissue,thatis,theauthor’sviewontheissue(thethesisstatement)2)Aclaimisbasicallycomposedoftwoparts:thefirstpartistheissueunderthediscussionandthesecondpartisthecomment
3、orthejudgmentontheissue.3)Itisnotobjective/impartial,butsubjectivelyassertedbytheauthor,basedonhis/herspecificknowledgestructure,valuesystem,etc.4)Aclaiminargumentationismeanttobepresentedfor“publicacceptance”-anyclaimthatclasheswiththebasicinterestsandprinciplesofthetargetedpublic
4、ismostlikelytoberejected(basedonthepublicgood)5)Itrequiressupportiveevidencetoshowtotheaudience/readersthatitiswell-foundedandtrustworthy.Typesofclaims[seep.26-]Claimsinargumentationareusuallyclassifiedintothreetypes,eachwithadifferentquestiontoaddress:aclaimoffactaclaimofvalueacla
5、imofpolicy1).AclaimoffactA)Itreferstothetypeofclaimanauthormakesaboutacertainfact;inotherwords,itisastatementaboutthestatusorconditionsofafact.B)Asaclaimoffactconcernsthefactualstatusofanissue,tojustifyitrequiresonetodemonstratehowtrueitisinrealityAclaimoffactcanonlybesupportedbyfa
6、ctualevidencea)directfactualevidence(statistics,hardproof,etc.)b)indirectfactualevidence(authority,inferencesbasedonknownfacts)C)Aclaimoffactshouldnotbeconfusedwiththefactitself.a)aclaimoffactisamentalinterpretationofacertainreality;areportoradescriptionaboutafact,usuallybasedonthe
7、author’sbelief,outlook,wayofperception,knowledgestructure,etc.b)theauthoractuallygivesthefactastrongsubjectivecoloring.2)Aclaimofvalue-ItisdifferentfromaclaimoffactA)NotastatementaboutthetruthfulnessoffactsB)Notintendtoassertwhethersomethinghasexisted,exists,orwillexist,butusedtoma
8、kejudgmentsC)Toexpressone’
