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1、InternationalEconomicsTenthEditionTradeRestrictions:TariffsDominickSalvatoreJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Salvatore:InternationalEconomics,10thEdition©2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.CHAPTEREIGHT8Inthischapter:IntroductionPartialEquilibriumAnalysisofaTariffTheTheoryofTariffStructureGeneralEquilibr
2、iumAnalysisofaTariffinaSmallCountryGeneralEquilibriumAnalysisofaTariffinaLargeCountryTheOptimumTariffSalvatore:InternationalEconomics,10thEdition©2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.IntroductionWhileitisgenerallyacceptedthatfreetrademaximizesworldoutputandbenefitsallnations,mostnationsimpos
3、esomerestrictionsonthefreeflowofinternationaltrade.Tradepoliciesareadvocatedbyspecialgroupsthatstandtobenefitfromtraderestrictions.Salvatore:InternationalEconomics,10thEdition©2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Importvs.exporttariffsAnimporttariffisataxordutyleviedonimportedcommodities.Thi
4、sisthemostcommonformoftariff.Anexporttariffisataxonexportedcommodities.ProhibitedbytheU.S.Constitution,butoccasionallypracticedindevelopingcountriestogenerategovernmentrevenue.IntroductionImportvs.exporttariffsAdvaloremtariffAfixedpercentageonthevalueofthetradedcommodity.Introd
5、uctionSalvatore:InternationalEconomics,10thEdition©2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Importvs.exporttariffsAdvaloremtariffSpecifictariffAfixedsumperphysicalunitofatradedcommodity.IntroductionSalvatore:InternationalEconomics,10thEdition©2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Importvs.exporttariffsAdvalore
6、mtariffSpecifictariffAcompoundtariffAcombinationofanadvaloremandspecifictariff.IntroductionSalvatore:InternationalEconomics,10thEdition©2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.TariffshavebeensharplyreducedsinceWorldWarII.Tariffsaverage5percentorlessonindustrialproductsindevelopednations,butarem
7、uchhigherindevelopingnations.IntroductionSalvatore:InternationalEconomics,10thEdition©2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.PartialEquilibriumAnalysisofaTariffResultingEffectsofTariffConsumptioneffectReductionindomesticconsumptionProductioneffectExpansionofdomesticproductionTradeeffectDecline
8、inimportsRevenueeffectRevenuecollectedbythegovernmentS
