最新关节学总论,中轴骨连接-药学医学精品资料.ppt

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1、最新关节学总论,中轴骨连接-药学医学精品资料1.掌握滑膜关节的基本结构、辅助结构及其运动和分类。2.掌握脊柱的组成及椎骨间的连结。3.掌握骨性胸廓的组成，胸廓上、下口的形态及围成。4.掌握颞下頜关节的组成、结构特点及运动。5.了解肋与脊柱及胸骨的连结。目的和要求Section1ThegeneraldescriptionThebonesareconnectedtogetherbymeansoffibrousconnectivetissue,cartilaginous软骨orosseous骨tissuesatdifferentpar

2、tsoftheirsurfaces,andsuchaconnectionarecalledthejointorarticulation.Thejointsarefunctionaljunctionsbetweenbones,theycanbeclassifiedintotwomaintypesaccordingtotheirjunctionformviz.：Ⅰ）Continuousjoints直接连结Ⅱ）Discontinuousjoints间接连结二、Articulation（关节）andSynovialjoints（滑膜关节

3、）Basicstructures(基本构造)Articularsurface:coveredbyarticularcartilage（关节面）Articularcapsule（关节囊）FibrousmembraneSynovialmembraneArticularcavity:（关节腔）containingatraceofsynovialfluid;subatmosphericpressureinitAccessorystructures（辅助结构）Ligaments(lig.):（韧带）extra-andintracapsul

4、arligamentsArticulardiscandarticularlabrum（关节盘与唇）Synovialfoldandsynovialbursa（滑膜襞与滑膜囊）FunctionMovementsofjoints关节运动Translation移动Flexionandextension屈和伸Adductionandabduction收和展Rotation旋转Medialandlateralrotation旋内和旋外Pronationandsupination旋前和旋后Inversionandeversion足内翻和足外翻

5、Circumduction环转Classificationofsynovialjoints（Selfstudy）UniaxialjointsBiaxialjointsMultiaxialjointsJointlearningresearchandapplication关节学的研究和应用Diagnosisandtreatment诊断与与治疗ResearchandDevelopmentofArtificialjointsandArtificialLimb人造关节和假肢的研制和开发Section2Thejointoftheaxialb

6、ones中轴骨连结IncludejointsofthetrunksbonesandtheskullArticulationsofBonesofTrunk躯干骨的连结TheVertebralColumnTheThoracicCage(一)TheVertebralColumn脊柱Thevertebralcolumnconsistsof24vertebrae,thesacrum,andthecoccyx.ConjunctionofintervertebreaJiontsofthevertebralbodiesJiontsoftheve

7、rtebralarchesCompositionJointsofthevertebralbodies椎体间的连结Intervertebraldiscs椎间盘Anteriorlongitudinalligament前纵韧带Posteriorlongitudinalligament后纵韧带Jointsofthevertebralbodies椎体间的连结Intervertebraldiscs椎间盘Betweenbodiesofadjacentvertebrae.Composedof:Nucleuspulposus髓核(aninners

8、oft,pulpy,highlyelasticstructure.)Annulusfibrosus纤维环(anouterfibrousringconsistingoffibrocartilage.)Heminationofnucleuspulposus髓核脱出A