最新国外心理学研究方法课件11.variables教学讲义ppt.ppt

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1、国外心理学研究方法课件11.variablesLabremindersPrintouttheClassexperimentexercise(fromtheLabwebpage)andbringittolabsthisweekGroupprojectintroductionsectionsduethisweekManykindsofVariablesIndependentvariables(explanatory)Dependentvariables(response)ExtraneousvariablesControl

2、variablesRandomvariablesConfoundvariablesExperimenterBiasExperimenterbias(expectancyeffects)Theexperimentermayinfluencetheresults(intentionallyandunintentionally)E.g.,CleverHansOnesolutionistokeeptheexperimenter(aswellastheparticipants)“blind”astowhatconditionsa

3、rebeingtestedKnowingthatyouarebeingmeasuredJustbeinginanexperimentalsetting,peopledon’talwaysrespondthewaythatthey“normally”would.CooperativeDefensiveNon-cooperativeReactivityVariablesIndependentvariables(explanatory)Dependentvariables(response)Extraneousvariabl

4、esControlvariablesRandomvariablesConfoundvariablesDependentVariablesThevariablesthataremeasuredbytheexperimenterTheyare“dependent”ontheindependentvariables(ifthereisarelationshipbetweentheIVandDVasthehypothesispredicts).ConsiderourclassexperimentConceptuallevel:

5、MemoryOperationallevel:RecalltestPresentlistofwords,participantsmakeajudgmentforeachword15sec.offiller(countingbackwardsby3’s)MeasuretheaccuracyofrecallChoosingyourdependentvariableHowtomeasureyouryourconstruct:Cantheparticipantprovideself-report?Introspection–s

6、peciallytrainedobserversoftheirownthoughtprocesses,methodfelloutoffavorinearly1900’sRatingscales–stronglyagree-agree-undecided-disagree-stronglydisagreeIsthedependentvariabledirectlyobservable?Choice/decisionIsthedependentvariableindirectlyobservable?Physiologic

7、almeasures(e.g.GSR,heartrate)Behavioralmeasures(e.g.speed,accuracy)MeasuringyourdependentvariablesScalesofmeasurementErrorsinmeasurementMeasuringyourdependentvariablesScalesofmeasurementErrorsinmeasurementMeasuringyourdependentvariablesScalesofmeasurement-thecor

8、respondencebetweenthenumbersrepresentingthepropertiesthatwe’remeasuringThescalethatyouusewill(partially)determinewhatkindsofstatisticalanalysesyoucanperformScalesofme