英国经济(英文版).ppt

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1、TheU.K.EconomyUnit4Contents:1.ABriefIntroductiontoU.K.Economy2.AbsoluteDeclineandRelativeDecline3.RecentHistory4.TheCurrentU.K.Economy5.CaseStudy:TheAerospaceBritainisoneofthemajormarketeconomicsintheworld.Itisamemberstateofthesevenmajorindustrializedcountries(G7).I

2、tisthefirstcountrytointroduceaneweconomicsystem:thecapitalistsystem.economicsystemandstructureFreeenterprise,marketeconomyAdamsmithAninquireintothenatureandcausesofhewealthofnationsLaissez-faireThepublicsector/thestateownedenterprisesTheprivatesector/privateindividu

3、alsmonopolyP46TheEvolutionoftheBritishEconomysincetheWarTheevolutionoftheBritisheconomysinceWWIIfallsintothreeperiods:(1)Steadydevelopmentinthe50sand60s:TheBritisheconomyinthisperiodischaracterizedbyslowbutsteadygrowth,lowunemploymentandgreatmaterialprosperitywithri

4、singstandardsofconsumption.(2)Economicrecession经济滞胀inthe70s:Inthe1970samongthedevelopedcountries,Britainmaintainedthelowestgrowthrateandthehighestinflationrate通货膨胀率,andthehighrecordoftradedeficits贸易赤字.(3)Economicrecoveryinthe80s:Anoutstandingfeatureoftheeconomicreco

5、veryinthe80swasitslength,lastingsevenyears.Anotherwastheimprovedfinancialpositionofthegovernment,withstrongercurrentaccountofthebalanceofpayments国际收支大大盈余.MeasurestakenbyMrs.Thatcher'sgovernmenttoimprovetheeconomyMrs.Thatcher‘sgovernmenttooknumerousmeasurestoimprovet

6、heefficiencyoftheeconomyduringthepastdecade,usingbothmacroeconomicandmicroeconomicpolicies.宏观经济政策和微观经济政策(1)Macroeconomicmeasuresweredirectedtowardsbringingdowntherateofinflationandachievingpricestability.(2)Microeconomicpolicieswereaimedatworkingwiththegrainofmarket

7、forcesbyencouragingenterprise,efficiencyandflexibility.MiningandManufacturingIndustriesBritain'soilandnaturalgasNaturalgaswasdiscoveredin1965andoilin1970undertheNorthSea.TodayBritainisnotonlyself-sufficientinoilbutalsohasasurplusforexport.Thetransportanddomesticheat

8、ingsystemsmostlydependonoil.Sodoesthefoodsupply,becausemostagricultureishighlymechanized.Modernfarmingrequiresthingswhicharealloil-based.T