资源描述：
《考博英语阅读精讲精练资料》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、考博英语阅读资料UnitOnePassage1Thephysicaldistributionofproductshastwoprimaryaspects:transportationandstorage.Bothaspectsarehighlydevelopedandspecializedphasesofmarketing.Thecostsofbothtrans-portingandstoringarebuiltintothepricesofproducts.Transportationcanbebytruck,rail-way,s
2、hip,orbarge.Forsomeitems,suchasexoticplantsandflowers,orwhenrapiddeliveryisessential,airfreightmaybeused.Storage,orwarehousing,isanecessaryfunctionbecauseproductionandconsumptionofgoodsrarelymatch:itemsgenerallyarenotsoldasquicklyastheyaremade.Inventoriesbuildup,bothin
3、warehousesandatretailestablishments,beforethefoodsaresold.Thetransporta-tionfunctionisinvolvedinbringinggoodstoawarehouseandtakingthemfromittoretailstores.Storageperformstheserviceofstabilizingmarketprice.If,forexample,noagriculturalproductcouldbestored,allfoodwouldhav
4、etobeputonthemarketimmediately.Thiswould,ofcourse,createaglutandlowerpricesdrastically.Therewouldbeanimmediatebenefittoconsumers,butinthelongruntheywouldsuffer.Farmers,becauseoflowprices,wouldbeforcedofftheland,andtheamountoffoodproducedwoulddecrease.This,inturn,wouldr
5、aiseconsumerprices.Warehousesforstorageareofseveraltypes.Privatewarehousesareownedbymanufactur-ers.Publicwarehouses,inspiteoftheirname,areprivatelyownedfacilities,buttheyarein-dependentofmanufacturerownership.General-merchandisewarehousesstoreagreatvarietyofproducts.Co
6、ld-storagewarehousesstoreperishablegoods,especiallyfoodproducts.Grainele-vatorsareakindofwarehouseusedtokeepwheatandothergrainsfromspoiling.Abondedwarehouseisonethatstoresfoods,frequentlyimported,onwhichtaxesmustbepaidbeforetheyaresold.Cigarettesandalcoholicbeveragesar
7、ecommonexamples.Thedistributioncenterisamorerecentlydevelopedkindofwarehouse.Manylargecom-panicshaveseveralmanufacturingplants,sometimeslocatedoutsidethecountry.Eachplantdoesnotmakeeverycompanyproductbut28specializesinoneormoreofthem.Thedistributioncenterallowsamanufac
8、turertobringtogetherallproductlinesinoneplace.Itspurposeistominimizestorageandtoeasetheflowofgoodsfrommanufacturersto
