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1、JournalofEnvironmentalEconomicsandManagement65(2013)74–86ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirectJournalofEnvironmentalEconomicsandManagementjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jeemGreenhousegasemissions,wasteandrecyclingpolicyab,nKayleeAcuff,DanielT.KaffineaDivisionofEco
2、nomicsandBusiness,ColoradoSchoolofMines,215EngineeringHall,Golden,CO80401,UnitedStatesbDivisionofEconomicsandBusiness,ColoradoSchoolofMines,329EngineeringHall,Golden,CO80401,UnitedStatesarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Thispaperexaminesleast-costpoliciesforwastereduction,incorpo
3、ratingupstreamReceived23September2011greenhousegasexternalitiesassociatedwiththeproductionofconsumptiongoodsAvailableonline30May2012fromvariousmaterials.Inparticular,wedecomposetheeffectofdeposit/refund,Keywords:advancedisposalfees,andrecyclingsubsidiesonupstreamgreenhousegasemis
4、sions.GreenhousegasemissionsWefindthatthebenefitsofreducinggreenhousegasemissionsareofthesameorderasWasteorlargerthanthebenefitsofreducingsolidwastedisposal,implyinglargeroptimalRecyclingtotalwastereductionthanpreviousstudies.Furthermore,theleast-costinterventionUpstreamexternalitie
5、slevelswillbematerial-specificandvarysubstantiallyacrossmaterials.Finally,despiteEnvironmentalpolicythereductionsinemissionsimpliedbyincreasedrecyclingrates,directrecyclingsubsidiesaremorecostlyandgeneratelessemissionsreductionsthanadeposit/refundoradvancedisposalfee.&2012Elsevier
6、Inc.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionTheeraofcontemporaryhouseholdrecyclingbeganin1987followingthevoyageofthegarbagebargeMobro4000,whosestorysparkedasurgeofinterestinwastereductionwithintheUnitedStates.Theinfamousbargewasloadedwithtrash,andfortwomonthsitroamedtheAtlanticCoastasfar
7、southasBelize,searchingforaporttodockandunloaditscargo.BythetimeitreturnedtoLongIsland,stillcarryingafullloadofgarbage,thebargehadmadenationalnewsheadlines.Nicknamedthe‘‘Gar-barge’’bythemedia,itgainedtheattentionofthepublicwhovieweditsfateasan1indicatorofaloomingtrashcrisisduetoi
8、nsufficientlandfillspace.Inaddition,images
