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1、RobustEstimationandTestingbyRobertG.StaudteandSimonJ.SheatherCopyright©1990JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.CHAPTERONETheFieldofStatisticsSimplificationwhichretainstheessentialscientificessenceoftheproblemismostlikelytoleadtousefulanswersbutthisrequiresunderstandingof,andint
2、erestin,scientificcontext.Scientificinvestigationisaniterativeprocessinwhichthemodelisnotstaticbutiscontinuallyevolving....Ibelievethatscientificmethodemploysandrequiresnotone,buttwokindsofinference—criticismandestimation;oncethisisunderstoodthestatisticaladvan
3、cesmadeinrecentyearsinBayesianmethods,dataanalysis,robustandshrinkageestimatorscanbeseenasacohesivewhole.G.E.P.Box(1983)Robustnessisafundamentalissueforallstatisticalanalyses;infactitmightbearguedthatrobustnessisthesubjectofstatistics.J.B.Kadane(1984)Scientists
4、inthiscenturydevisedstatisticalmethodstohelpthemobjec-tivelyassesstheirsubjectiveconjectures,andmathematiciansandphiloso-.pherssoonjoinedthemincreatingtechniques,principles,andtheorieswhicharenowknowncollectivelyas"thefieldofstatistics."Abetternamemightbe"theba
5、ttlefieldofstatistics,"sinceitsshorthistoryismarkedbydisagreement,controversy,andevenfeuding.Somestatisticianshavesoughtrefugefromthewarsbyconcentratingonthediverseartsofmathemati-calstatisticsanddataanalysis.Growthintheseareasfollowedsignificantdevelopmentsinm
6、easuretheoreticprobabilityandcomputertechnology,respectively.Duringthelasttwentyyearsstatisticiansofallpersuasions12THEHELDOFSTATISTICShavebeenrewritingmuchoftheliteratureunderthebannerofrobustness,apragmaticresponsetotheoveremphasisonparametricmodelingofthepas
7、t.Whilethesechangesmakethefieldofstatisticsdynamicandexciting,thereisnowconsiderableconfusion,borderingonthechaotic.Inthisbookweexplainsomeoftheserecentdevelopmentsinthesimpli-fyinglanguageofdescriptivemeasures.Wewillconcentrateontheroutineproblems,suchasthetwo
8、-sampleproblem,becauseoftheirimportance.Beforedoingso,wewillelaborateonsomeoftheabovestatementsandespeciallyreviewtherelationshipbetweenthescientificmethodandsta-tisticalinf
