罗宾斯管理学决策

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1、规划与决策Planning&DecisionMakingChapter3-26–2Definition-决策Decision-Makingachoicefromtwoormorealternatives.在两个或多个选项中作出选择Lowleveltohighlevelmanagersmakedecisions.Allorganizationalmembersmakedecisionsthataffecttheirjobsandorganizationtheyworkfor.6–3Universalityofdecisionmaking

2、Managersatalllevelsmakedecisions，butparticularlyimportanttomanagersDecisionmakingispartofallfourmanagerialfunctions-Planning,Organizing,Leading,andControllingMakingdecisionsistheessenceofthemanagement.ManagersarecalleddecisionmakersHowdoyoumakedecisions?入学考试面试题：为何考上海大学？

3、考进了大学你准备做什么？未来的职业设想是什么？你们的回答：上海大学很美丽、很有名我要认真学习，考证书？？？7–4决策常见的问题片面短见感性即刻满足前后矛盾短期决策与长期目标不一致等等7–5Howdomanagersmakedecisions?管理者如何作出贤明的决定？7–66–7ContentsEightStepsintheDecision-MakingProcessThreeWaysManagersMakeDecisionsDecisionsandDecision-MakingConditionsDecision-MakingSty

4、lesandhowbiasesaffectdecisionmakingChallengesfordecisionmakers(add.)EffectiveDecisionMakingTechniquesSituationsofdecisionmakingChapter3Whatarethegeneralfactorsaffectingmanagers’decisionmaking?影响决策的因素ProcessApproachesTypesofdecisionsConditionsManagersObjectivesErrorsandB

5、iases7–87–91.TheDecision-MakingProcess决策过程7–10Exhibit7–1TheDecision-MakingProcessP179TheDecision-MakingProcessincludesEightstepsfromidentifyingaproblemtoevaluatingthedecisioneffectiveness出处：罗宾斯《管理学》13e决策过程Source:RobertN.LussierConcepts,Applications,SkillDevelopment4e7–1

6、16–122.TheWaysManagersMakingDecisions管理者的决策方法6–132.1RationalDecisionMakingapproach理性决策DAssumptionsofRationalityManagersmakeconsistent,value-maximizingchoiceswithspecifiedconstraints.Assumptionstodecisionmakers:TheyAreperfectlyrational,fullyobjective,andlogical.明确目标，彻底逻辑

7、，完全理性Havecarefullydefinedtheproblemandidentifiedallviablealternatives.清晰界定问题和全部选项Haveaclearandspecificgoal明确具体目标Willselectthealternativethatmaximizesoutcomesintheorganization’sinterestsratherthanintheirpersonalinterests.满足组织最大利益6–142.2BoundedRationalityDMApproach有限理性决策D

8、BoundedRationality（有限理性）Decisionmakingthat’srational,butarelimited(bounded)byanindividual’sabilitytoprocessinf